{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:25:54Z","timestamp":1791563154489,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Sailing Program","award":["20YF1420800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YF1420800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61661010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61661010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61977046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61977046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62003208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81600776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81970846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Committee of Science and Technology","award":["19510711200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19510711200"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program","award":["2019-02-08-00-08-F01118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-02-08-00-08-F01118"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019YFB1311503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB1311503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Color fundus photography is widely used in clinical and screening settings for eye diseases. Poor image quality greatly affects the reliability of further evaluation and diagnosis. In this study, we developed an automated assessment module for color fundus photography image quality assessment using deep learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 55,931 color fundus photography images from multiple centers in Shanghai and the public database were collected and annotated as training, validation, and testing data sets. The pre-diagnosis image quality assessment module based on the multi-task deep neural network was designed. The detailed criterion of color fundus photography image quality including three subcategories with three levels of grading was applied to improve precision and objectivity. The auxiliary tasks such as the localization of the optic nerve head and macula, the classification of laterality, and the field of view were also included to assist the quality assessment. Finally, we validated our module internally and externally by evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and quadratic weighted Kappa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cLocation\u201d subcategory achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.991, 0.920, and 0.946 for the three grades, respectively. The \u201cClarity\u201d subcategory achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.980, 0.917, and 0.954 for the three grades, respectively. The \u201cArtifact\u201d subcategory achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.976, 0.952, and 0.986 for the three grades, respectively. The accuracy and Kappa of overall quality reach 88.15% and 89.70%, respectively, on the internal set. These two indicators on the external set were 86.63% and 88.55%, respectively, which were very close to that of the internal set.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work showed that our deep module was able to evaluate the color fundus photography image quality using more detailed three subcategories with three grade criteria. The promising results on both internal and external validation indicated the strength and generalizability of our module.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231207582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T03:08:34Z","timestamp":1709176114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Refined image quality assessment for color fundus photography based on deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianjiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"},{"name":"Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076231207582","unstructured":"Organization GWH. World report on vision, 2019. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/world-report-on-vision\/."},{"key":"bibr2-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127914"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.11.16"},{"key":"bibr4-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.007"},{"key":"bibr5-20552076231207582","first-page":"890","volume":"53","author":"Fundus Disease Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society EFDGobCMA E F D C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"bibr6-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817440-1.00003-6"},{"key":"bibr7-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32239-7_6"},{"key":"bibr8-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.4.046006"},{"key":"bibr9-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/data3030025"},{"key":"bibr10-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5566\/ias.1155"},{"key":"bibr11-20552076231207582","unstructured":"Foundation CH. Diabetic retinopathy detection - identify signs of diabetic retinopathy in eye images, 2015. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/c\/diabetic-retinopathy-detection\/."},{"key":"bibr12-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2021.02.010"},{"key":"bibr13-20552076231207582","unstructured":"He C. Application of deep learning and transfer learning in retinal image quality assessment. 2022."},{"key":"bibr14-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107238"},{"key":"bibr15-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.01.015"},{"key":"bibr16-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.03.019"},{"key":"bibr17-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.10.004"},{"key":"bibr18-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8036912"},{"key":"bibr19-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00949-6_31"},{"key":"bibr20-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-018-0099-2"},{"key":"bibr21-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21074-8_26"},{"key":"bibr22-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.09.008"},{"key":"bibr23-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.05.114"},{"key":"bibr24-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.30.4.043002"},{"key":"bibr25-20552076231207582","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Computer vision\u2013ECCV 2022 workshops","author":"Cao H","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr26-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0010250506610668"},{"key":"bibr27-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376718"},{"key":"bibr28-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3043495"},{"key":"bibr29-20552076231207582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3147854"}],"container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076231207582","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552076231207582","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076231207582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:50:03Z","timestamp":1777398603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552076231207582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552076231207582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552076231207582","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2076","2055-2076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2076","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"20552076231207582"}}