{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T05:50:21Z","timestamp":1793857821985,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C101342312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C101342312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to compare the effects of a deep learning\u2013based digital application with digital application physical therapy (DPT) and those of conventional physical therapy (CPT) on back pain intensity, limited functional ability, lower extremity weakness, radicular symptoms, limited range of motion (ROM), functional movement, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and postintervention questionnaires for perceived transmission risk of COVID-19 and satisfaction results in 100 participants with low back pain (LBP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred participants with LBP were randomized into either DPT or CPT groups, three times per week over four weeks. Outcome measures included the (1) Oswestry Disability Index, (2) Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, (3) Roland\u2013Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), (4) Numeric Pain Rating Scale, (5) functional movement screen (FMS), (6) short form-12, (7) lower extremity strength, (8) ROM of trunk flexion, extension, and bilateral side bending, (9) questionnaires for perceived transmission risk of COVID-19, (10) preliminary cost-effectiveness, and (11) postintervention satisfaction questionnaire results. The analysis of variance was conducted at p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of variance showed that DPT showed superior effects, compared to CPT on RMDQ, hip extensor strength, transmission risk of COVID-19, as well as satisfaction. Both groups showed significant improvement pre- and postintervention, suggesting that DPT is as effective as CPT, and was superior in preliminary cost-effectiveness and transmission risk of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results provide novel, promising clinical evidence that DPT was as effective as CPT in improving structural and functional impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. Our results highlight the successful incorporation of DPT intervention for clinical outcome measures, lower extremity strength, trunk mobility, ADL improvement, QOL improvement, and FMS in LBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231217817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T20:35:51Z","timestamp":1701635751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Long-term effects of deep-learning digital therapeutics on pain, movement control, and preliminary cost-effectiveness in low back pain: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanhee","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports(Movement Artificial-Intelligence Robotics Technology (SMART) Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunghwi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woochol Joseph","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Sang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Software, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Ul","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung (Joshua) Hyun","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports(Movement Artificial-Intelligence Robotics Technology (SMART) Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816b54f6"},{"key":"bibr2-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1680-7"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-140468"},{"key":"bibr4-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-181199"},{"key":"bibr5-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.1015"},{"key":"bibr6-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.468"},{"key":"bibr7-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa093"},{"key":"bibr8-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa198"},{"key":"bibr9-20552076231217817","first-page":"62","volume":"8","author":"Frank C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"bibr10-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7876"},{"key":"bibr11-20552076231217817","volume-title":"Mechanical diagnosis and therapy: the lumbar spine","author":"McKenzie R","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr12-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2899927"},{"key":"bibr13-20552076231217817","first-page":"43","volume":"9","author":"Li Z","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics (Basel)"},{"key":"bibr14-20552076231217817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian H, Duan X, Cui T, et al. 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