{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:10:06Z","timestamp":1781647806443,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Intramural Early- to Mid-Career Research Flagship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Early- to Mid-Career Research Flagship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Alcohol consumption is a key driver of the burden of violence and injury in South Africa (SA). Hence, we aim to validate various alcohol assessment tools against a blood test to assess their utility for improving national health practice and policy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study from 3 to 19 August 2022 at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, SA. This was to test logistics for the time of venous blood centrifugation and validation of alcohol assessment tools used in injured patients ahead of the main validation study. Adults aged 18 years and older, who were injured <8\u2005h before arrival were included. Consent was obtained for venous blood alcohol testing to validate, as the gold standard, against the following: active- and passive breath alcohol testing, clinical screening and a finger prick test. Descriptive statistics were reported for the pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The active breath alcohol test's digital reading and the passive test's \u2018yes\/no\u2019 results corresponded well against the venous blood alcohol results. The average time to centrifugation was within the laboratory's 2-h cut-off requirement to preserve the alcohol in the serum.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The pilot study was helpful in identifying challenges with one of the alcohol assessment tools and prevented further costs ahead of the main validation study. We also determined that the selected tertiary hospital site caused a delay in recruiting eligible patients due to other hospital referrals. Hence, the main validation study is in progress at a district-level hospital for a larger sample of eligible patients for testing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231218138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T20:33:32Z","timestamp":1701635612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alcohol diagnostic validation for injury-related trauma: Findings from a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Prinsloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, \rSouth Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petal","family":"Petersen Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Neethling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibe X","family":"Mhlongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sithombo","family":"Maqungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M","family":"Peden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, UK"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre on Injury Prevention and Trauma Care, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Matzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, \rSouth Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.145771"},{"key":"bibr2-20552076231218138","volume-title":"The 2nd Injury Mortality Survey: A National Study of Injury Mortality Levels and Causes in South Africa in 2017","author":"Prinsloo M","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076231218138","first-page":"135","volume":"35","author":"Flynn A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Curr Rev"},{"key":"bibr4-20552076231218138","isbn-type":"print","volume-title":"WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries: Final Report","author":"WHO","year":"2007","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9789241592192"},{"key":"bibr5-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1353"},{"key":"bibr6-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags012"},{"key":"bibr7-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.016865"},{"key":"bibr8-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.03.019"},{"key":"bibr9-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207617746752"},{"key":"bibr10-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9"},{"key":"bibr11-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214865"},{"key":"bibr12-20552076231218138","unstructured":"Horvat V, Mandic S, Mandic D, et al. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography method for determination of whole blood and urine alcohol levels. 2018."},{"key":"bibr13-20552076231218138","unstructured":"Western Cape Provincial Government. Dr\u00e4ger gets green light for roll out from 1 August 2016 Cape Town. 2016 [cited 2023 22 Sept]. Available from: https:\/\/www.westerncape.gov.za\/news\/dr%C3%A4ger-gets-green-light-roll-out-1-august-2016"},{"key":"bibr14-20552076231218138","volume-title":"Accreditation Number: IGS0057","author":"Drager South Africa (Pty) Ltd","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr15-20552076231218138","unstructured":"SANAS. Annual Report 2016\/17: National, Regional and Global Trust 2017. https:\/\/www.sanas.co.za\/Brochures%20and%20Reports\/Annual%20Report%20for%202016%20-%202017.pdf."},{"key":"bibr16-20552076231218138","volume-title":"Simple, Robust and Powerful Tools for Data Collection","author":"Kobotoolbox","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr17-20552076231218138","volume-title":"Stata\/IC 17.0 for Windows","author":"Stata\/IC 17","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr18-20552076231218138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.19.22283649"}],"container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076231218138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552076231218138","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076231218138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:54:24Z","timestamp":1777398864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552076231218138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552076231218138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552076231218138","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2076","2055-2076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2076","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20552076231218138"}}