{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:23:22Z","timestamp":1790205802811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the South Korean Government","award":["2020R1A2C101081713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C101081713"]}]},{"name":"Faculty Research Grant from the Yonsei University College of Nursing","award":["6-2022-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2022-0034"]}]},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea, Yonsei University College of Nursing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Employing three cycles of Design Science Research (DSR) to develop a mobile app \u2018ESSC (Excellent Self Supervised HIV Care)\u2019 to improve self-management among people living with HIV (PLWH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is based on the DSR framework comprising three iterative cycles. In the Relevance cycle, PLWH participated in a survey of mobile health (mHealth) experiences and needs. In the Rigor cycle, the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model was applied to foundations of the app, and HIV specialists verified the contents. Experts evaluated the heuristic system and the app quality with the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). In the Design cycle, ESSC was built on the findings of the other two cycles, and end-users tested the usability using uMARS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contents of the app were developed based on user requirements. The IMB model led ESSC to supplement motivational components for self-management, which built five functions: information contents; health life records including mental and sexual health; interactive counselling with healthcare providers; setting health goals after watching videos; and my page for self-reflection. To reduce social stigma and promote acceptance of the information-driven app, we created animated characters with neutral and bright features. The HIV specialists evaluated content validity as highly appropriate. The MARS score by the overall raters was between 3- acceptable and 4- good: functionality, 4.38; information, 4.12; aesthetics, 3.96; engagement, 3.37; and subjective quality, 3.25.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DSR approach is effective for implementing usable and useful mHealth. The ESSC app would be feasible and contribute PLWH to retention in care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241249294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T01:55:10Z","timestamp":1714182910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three cycles of mobile app design to improve HIV self-management: A development and evaluation study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gwang Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6772-5979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoyoung","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-So","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic \rof Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SangA","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Yae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JunYong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Phil","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076241249294","volume":"4","author":"The Lancet HIV","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"bibr2-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272405","volume":"17","author":"Frescura L","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076241249294","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Program on HIV\/AIDS, UNAIDS. Understanding fast-track: Accelerating action to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. UNAIDS Geneva, 2015."},{"key":"bibr4-20552076241249294","unstructured":"Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency, KDCA. HIV\/AIDS notifications in the Republic of Korea. 2021. Database: 2023, https:\/\/www.kdca.go.kr\/contents.es?mid=a20301070504."},{"key":"bibr5-20552076241249294","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Program on HIV\/AIDS, UNAIDS. Prevailing against pandemics by putting people at the centre. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. Report,\n                      UNAIDS Geneva\n                      , 2020."},{"key":"bibr6-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2021.0127","volume":"53","author":"Choi JP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"bibr7-20552076241249294","volume":"11","author":"Nanditha NGA","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bibr8-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.01.015","volume":"51","author":"Lowther K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"bibr9-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15485","volume":"79","author":"Moen M","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"bibr10-20552076241249294","first-page":"60","volume":"3","author":"Sugiana M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Prevent Med Arch"},{"key":"bibr11-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.24875\/AIDSRev.21000025","volume":"24","author":"Mehraeen E","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"bibr12-20552076241249294","first-page":"87","volume":"19","author":"Hevner AR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Inf Syst"},{"key":"bibr13-20552076241249294","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Integrated series in information systems","volume":"22","author":"Hevner A","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr14-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.02.002","volume":"60","author":"Schnall R","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"bibr15-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237910","volume":"15","author":"Farao J","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr16-20552076241249294","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2013 International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology","author":"Koedderitzsch M","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr17-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4882","volume":"3","author":"Schnall R","year":"2015","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"bibr18-20552076241249294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/12900","volume":"7","author":"Morano J","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"bibr19-20552076241249294","unstructured":"Lee S, Kim GS, Shim M, et al. Assessment of health service needs among people living with HIV in Korea: Development and evaluation of a questionnaire.\n                      \n                        34\n                        th\n                        Annual Conference: ANAC (Association of Nurses in AIDS Care)\n                      \n                      2021. November 12. 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