{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:43Z","timestamp":1792787743877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation","award":["3P20GM130414-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3P20GM130414-04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01AA019072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AA019072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI042853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI042853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influencer-based social media marketing campaigns are a popular strategy to engage customers in many non-research industries (e.g., retail), but have been increasingly used in public health campaigns to reach and engage specific populations. However, few studies have directly compared the performance of influencer-based marketing with other ad strategies (e.g., paid ads) in achieving these goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From March to September 2023, we conducted an influencer-focused marketing campaign in which we identified and partnered with predominantly Black LGBTQ\u2009+\u2009influencers in the United States South to promote engagement in our ongoing research. We then used web analytics and interest form data to compare performance of influencer posts versus paid ads over the same time period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We contacted a total of 358 influencers, 20 of whom ultimately agreed to post (85% Black\/African American) and made a total of 28 posts on our behalf. A significantly higher percentage of users who clicked through influencer posts were Black (40% vs. 15%), were not currently using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (67% vs. 62%), had no history of PrEP use (78% vs. 72%), and reported higher medical mistrust (12% vs. 8%) compared to those who clicked through paid ads. The percentage of Black men who have sex with men who were at high HIV risk, who were not taking PrEP, had no history of PrEP, or were high in mistrust, were all 2\u20133 times higher among those who clicked through influencer posts relative to paid ads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influencer-focused marketing may be a powerful tool to efficiently reach and engage high-priority and hard to reach populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241253758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T04:20:32Z","timestamp":1715574032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Black social media influencers engage higher percentages of Black gay and bisexual men in online outreach for HIV prevention research relative to paid ads"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0148-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen B","family":"Fahey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik MS","family":"Ocean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilios","family":"Nittas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanda Phelan","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4545-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler B","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. HIV statistics impact on racial and ethnic minorities. HIV.gov. https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/hiv-basics\/overview\/data-and-trends\/impact-on-racial-and-ethnic-minorities. 2023 December 18."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity reporting and representation in US clinical trials: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Turner BE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turner BE, Steinberg JR, Weeks BT, et al. Race\/ethnicity reporting and representation in US clinical trials: a cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 11: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/gilr19434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Digital 2022: Another Year of Bumper Growth. Internet: We Are Social Hootsuite; 2022 January 26."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Cramer-Flood E. US Time Spent with Media 2021 Update. Internet: Insider Intelligence; 2021 February 4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Time Flies: U.S. Adults Now Spend Nearly Half a Day Interacting with Media2018 December 2 2023; (Q1 2018 Nielsen Total Audience report). Available from: https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/insights\/2018\/time-flies-us-adults-now-spend-nearly-half-a-day-interacting-with-media\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Social Media Fact Sheet Internet: Pew Research Center; 2021 [updated April 7 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/social-media\/?menuItem=c14683cb-c4f4\u201341d0-a635-52c4eeae0245&tabId=tab-2fc5fff9-9899-4317-b786-9e0b60934bcf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Auxier B Anderson M. Social Media Use in 20212021. 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