{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:07:24Z","timestamp":1791356844673,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearable monitors are increasingly used to assess sleep. However, validity is unknown for certain monitors and populations. We tested the Garmin Vivofit 4 in a pediatric clinical sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (n\u2009=\u200925) wore the monitor on their nondominant wrist during an overnight polysomnogram. Garmin and polysomnography were compared using 95% equivalence testing, mean absolute error, and Bland-Altman analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On average (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD), the Garmin predicted later sleep onset (by 0.84\u2009\u00b1\u20091.60 hours) and earlier sleep offset (by 0.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70 hours) than polysomnography. The resulting difference for total sleep time was \u22120.55\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21 hours. Sleep onset latency was higher for Garmin than polysomnography (77.4\u2009\u00b1\u2009100.9 and 22.8\u2009\u00b1\u200920.0 minutes, respectively), while wake after sleep onset was lower (5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 and 43.2\u2009\u00b1\u200937.9 minutes, respectively). Garmin sleep efficiency averaged 3.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8% lower than polysomnography. Minutes in light sleep and deep sleep (the latter including rapid eye movement) were within \u00b13.3% of polysomnography (both SDs\u2009=\u200914.9%). No Garmin means were significantly equivalent with polysomnography (adjusted p\u2009&gt;\u20090.99). Mean absolute errors were 0.47 to 0.95 hours for time-based variables (sleep onset, offset, and latency, plus total sleep time and wake after sleep onset), and 8.9% to 21.2% for percentage-based variables (sleep efficiency and sleep staging). Bland-Altman analysis showed systematic bias for wake after sleep onset, but not other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Vivofit 4 showed consistently poor individual-level validity, while group-level validity was better for some variables (total sleep time and sleep efficiency) than others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241277150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T22:04:03Z","timestamp":1726265043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Garmin Vivofit 4 for assessing sleep in youth experiencing sleep disturbances"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R","family":"Hibbing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Pilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauryn","family":"Birmingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniya","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumusifu","family":"Ndagijimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nedra","family":"Seigfreid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Farr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STAR 2.0 Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baha","family":"Al-Shawwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan A","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076241277150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9155-5"},{"key":"bibr2-20552076241277150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101425"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076241277150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.833786"},{"key":"bibr4-20552076241277150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3521"},{"key":"bibr5-20552076241277150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.04.011"},{"key":"bibr6-20552076241277150","first-page":"368","volume":"89","author":"Carter K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam 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