{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T02:20:38Z","timestamp":1783736438321,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology\uff0cFujian province","award":["2023Y9367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Y9367"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to identify independent risk factors for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in parous women using a multicenter epidemiological study and to establish and validate a predictive nomogram.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large-scale survey was conducted from June 2022 to September 2023, including parous women aged over 20 selected through stratified random sampling. Data encompassed sociodemographic and obstetric histories, comorbidities, and standardized questionnaires. The primary goal was to identify high-risk factors for MUI, while the secondary was to develop a nomogram. Risk factors were determined using univariable and multivariable analyses. The nomogram's performance was assessed via concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots through internal and external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 7709 women participated, with an MUI prevalence of 6.8%. Independent risk factors included higher body mass index, urban residence, postmenopausal status, multiple vaginal deliveries, history of pelvic surgery and macrosomia, family history of pelvic floor dysfunction, hypertension, and constipation. The area under the curve for the nomogram model was 0.717 in the training set, 0.714 for internal validation, and 0.725 for external validation. The calibration plots showed a good agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies key risk factors for MUI in parous women and introduces a validated nomogram with high but not perfect predictive accuracy. The model enables early identification and management of MUI, though further refinement could enhance accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251333661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:13:51Z","timestamp":1743736431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors and a predictive model for mixed urinary incontinence among parous women: Insights from a large-scale multicenter epidemiological investigation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3175-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Manodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"University of Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shaxian General Hospital, Sanming, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center, Beifeng Street Community Health Service Center, Quanzhou, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20870"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04609.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S421488"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.04.074","article-title":"Female urinary incontinence in China after 15 years\u2019 efforts: results from large-scale nationwide surveys","volume":"69","author":"Zhu J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Pang H, Wang P, et al. 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