{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:56:43Z","timestamp":1779908203729,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010570","name":"Nieders\u00e4chsisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZN3751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZN3751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a major challenge for many people and societies, also accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Around 300 million people worldwide are affected by a depressive disorder. Health insurances encourage patients to use applications (\u201capps\u201d) to tackle, for example, mild and moderate depression. The advantages of these depression apps are well understood, but their dissemination and adoption rates among intended users leave room for improvement. To enhance their uptake, we provide a holistic view regarding critical design aspects of depression apps and develop design principles (DPs) for depression apps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We use a qualitative approach with 58 semistructured interviews between March 2021 and August 2022 with different stakeholders (healthcare providers, patients with mild and moderate depression, app developers and operators, and health insurance companies) to derive our DPs to provide a holistic view of the crucial design factors of depression apps. We then evaluated our DPs derived from four individuals from the health sector in terms of appropriateness and completeness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following this approach, we examine seven meta-requirements (MRs) like \u201cquality\u201d and \u201csimplicity\u201d to deduce 16 corresponding DPs for depression apps. Our prescriptive design knowledge enables us to carve out interrelations and contributes to the literature on depression app design knowledge. Generally, our MRs and DPs derived were evaluated positively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our research ignites a structured discussion among stakeholders in the healthcare sector, for example, scientists and practitioners, about the importance of specific design aspects of depression apps and the overall development process from planning to dissemination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251336276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T02:58:56Z","timestamp":1750820336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Success by design: A holistic analysis of design principles for depression apps"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-5905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Werth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OFFIS e. V. \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina S","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Institute, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenja","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Institute, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Warnem\u00fcnde-Jagau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Economics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H","family":"Breitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Institute, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-0093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Economics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8530-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai G","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/515180a"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00278-021-00551-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital health interventions in depression care\u2014a survey on acceptance from the perspective of patients, their relatives and health professionals","volume":"10","author":"Hafner J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hafner J, Sch\u00f6nfeld S, Tokg\u00f6z P, et al. Digital health interventions in depression care\u2014a survey on acceptance from the perspective of patients, their relatives and health professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10: 1\u201316. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10102019","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800519"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0268"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"How is your mood today? a taxonomy-based analysis of apps for depressionProceedings of the 28th Americas Conference on Information Systems","author":"Mueller NS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mueller NS, Werth O, Koenig CM, et al. How is your mood today? a taxonomy-based analysis of apps for depression. In Proceedings of the 28th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 2022, pp.1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2012.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"1066","volume-title":"Principles in the design of mobile medical apps: guidance for those who careProceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik","author":"Lienhard KR","unstructured":"Lienhard KR, Legner C. Principles in the design of mobile medical apps: guidance for those who care. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp.1066\u20131080."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221091353"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Principles in the design of mobile medical apps: guidance for those who careProceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik","author":"Lienhard KR","unstructured":"Lienhard KR, Legner C. Principles in the design of mobile medical apps: guidance for those who care. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp.1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital health: A path to validation","volume":"2","author":"Mathews SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathews SC, McShea MJ, Hanley CL, et al. Digital health: A path to validation. NPJ Digital Med 2019; 2: 1\u20139. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-019-0111-3","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-025-02462-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58183"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2024.102014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influencing factors of acceptance and use behavior of mobile health application users: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Wang C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C, Qi H. Influencing factors of acceptance and use behavior of mobile health application users: systematic review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9: 1\u201313. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9030357","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2004.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","first-page":"1622","article-title":"Research perspectives: the anatomy of a design principle","volume":"21","author":"Gregor S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gregor S, Kruse L, Seidel S. Research perspectives: the anatomy of a design principle. J Assoc Inf Syst 2020; 21: 1622\u20131652.","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2021.1912936"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20476965.2018.1473944"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2017.0716"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","first-page":"1235","article-title":"How designers use design principles: design behaviors and application modes","volume":"23","author":"Kruse LC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kruse LC, Purao S, Seidel S. How designers use design principles: design behaviors and application modes. J Assoc Inf Syst 2022; 23: 1235\u20131270.","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2017.0745"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2015.1099390"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1793697"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148742"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0b013e3182902035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","volume-title":"Qualitative research in business and management","author":"Myers MD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myers MD. Qualitative research in business and management. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage, 2020.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Accumulating design knowledge: a mechanisms-based approach","volume":"21","author":"Rothe H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothe H, Wessel L, Barquet A. Accumulating design knowledge: a mechanisms-based approach. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2020; 21: 771\u2013810.","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","volume-title":"Economic information, decision and prediction: selected essays: volume III","author":"Marschak J","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marschak J. Economic information, decision and prediction: selected essays: volume III. Dordrecht: Springer, 1974."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(94)00041-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Design science research in information systems. Advances in theory and Practice","author":"Sonnenberg C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sonnenberg C, vom Brocke J, et al. Evaluations in the science of the artificial\u2014reconsidering the build-evaluate pattern in design science research. In: Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J (eds) Design science research in information systems. Advances in theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp.381\u2013397."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2020\/15102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12869"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186753"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100398"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2871"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-1134-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03064-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2015.0124"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blending online therapy into regular face-to-face therapy for depression: content, ratio and preconditions according to patients and therapists using a Delphi study","volume":"14","author":"van der Vaart R","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Vaart R, Witting M, Riper H, et al. Blending online therapy into regular face-to-face therapy for depression: content, ratio and preconditions according to patients and therapists using a Delphi study. BMC Psych. 2014; 14: 1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Psych."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.9423"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207617713827"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","first-page":"530","article-title":"Colorectal smartphone apps: opportunities and risks","volume":"14","author":"O'Neill S","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Neill S, Brady RRW. Colorectal smartphone apps: opportunities and risks. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14: 530\u2013534.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17315"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.2.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2023.100365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570610710809"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.02428"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-58226-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199462"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241257046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-024-09862-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12516"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.1.02"}],"container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076251336276","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552076251336276","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076251336276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:51:55Z","timestamp":1777398715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552076251336276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552076251336276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552076251336276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2076","2055-2076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2076","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"article-number":"20552076251336276"}}