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This research aims to investigate the impact of SCC on the health of middle-aged and older disabilities individuals, focusing on its dynamic trends, underlying mechanisms, unequal selection effects, and overall welfare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper estimates the impact of SCC on the health of middle-aged and older disabilities using the double machine learning method with the random forest algorithm, and examines the dynamic trend of the health effects using event study method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that SCC significantly enhances the health of middle-aged and older disabilities, without resulting in a concomitant increase in healthcare expenditure. In the long term, the positive health effect increases year by year. Mechanism analysis reveals that SCC promotes health improvements through two key channels: enhanced accessibility of living infrastructure, including access to running water and internet, and increased household annual income. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that there are unequal selection effects in impact, the health-enhancing effects of SCC on middle-aged and older disabilities are more pronounced among non-retired individuals and those with a more extensive household composition. Finally, welfare analysis shows that SCC reduced their healthcare expenditures and improved labor market performance, with a conservatively estimated welfare benefit of US$3448.65.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By unraveling the underlying mechanisms and inequality selection effects, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential for digital inclusion to inform scientific understanding and guide policy aimed at promoting health equity and improving the well-being of disadvantaged populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251349622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T02:26:08Z","timestamp":1749522368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inclusive power of digitalization: Smart city construction and the health of middle-aged and older disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongkun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3933-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4519-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China"},{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00949-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"The convergence of the World Health Organization member states regarding the United Nations\u2019 sustainable development goal \u2018good health and well-being\u2019","author":"Pereira MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira MA, Camanho AS, Marques RC, et al. 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