{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:11:10Z","timestamp":1788210670017,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82305357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82305357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["2025J01948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025J01948"]}]},{"name":"he Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["2020J01752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J01752"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper limb dysfunction is a prevalent challenge post-stroke, necessitating innovative rehabilitation approaches. This pilot study evaluated the usability and feasibility of a novel multimodal virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation system that integrates an automated functional test for the hemiparetic upper extremity (FTHUE) assessment with personalized, task-oriented training in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The single-center, parallel-group pilot trial was conducted at the Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ninety-eight individuals were screened, from which 15 occupational therapists (mean clinical experience: 3.87\u2009\u00b1\u20094.84 years) and 15 stroke patients with mild upper limb impairment (Fugl\u2013Meyer assessment score: 56.00\u2009\u00b1\u20095.25) were recruited. The intervention (a 1-hour hands-on VR session) was consistent across all participant groups, which incorporated neuroplasticity-based principles to deliver integrated sensorimotor training and multisensory feedback. Usability was evaluated using the system usability scale (SUS) and a custom-designed questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All recruited participants completed the evaluation and were included in the analysis. Both groups exceeded the established usability threshold (SUS\u2009&gt;\u200968). Therapists achieved a mean SUS score of 72.00\u2009\u00b1\u20096.69 (33% scoring\u2009\u2265\u200970) and patients scored 73.00\u2009\u00b1\u20097.69 (47% scoring\u2009\u2265\u200970). On the custom questionnaire (max 50), therapists scored 20.20\u2009\u00b1\u20092.74 and patients 19.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26. Therapists rated training enjoyment highest, exceptionally .superior to conventional therapy\u201du(4.47\/5), while patients most valued ease of operation (4.20\/5). No adverse events occurred during the trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VR system demonstrated good usability and was well-accepted by therapists and patients. Integrating automated assessment with personalized training shows promise as a complement to conventional rehabilitation. These findings, while promising, require confirmation in a larger definitive trial. Future work should optimize adaptive difficulty mechanisms and explore implementation in community and home settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center, ChiCTR2200060214. Registered May 22, 2022.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/bin\/project\/edit?pid=170137\">https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/bin\/project\/edit?pid\u2009=\u2009170137<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251386665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T22:24:26Z","timestamp":1762467866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Research on upper limb motor function evaluation and rehabilitation training system of stroke patients based on artificial intelligence: A usability and feasibility study from therapist and patient perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiurong","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Auckland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00277-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2019.00074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103369"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1544135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2021.1941458"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2022.2094302"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Impact of the combination of virtual reality and noninvasive brain stimulation on the upper limb motor function of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang N, Wang H, Wang H, et al. Impact of the combination of virtual reality and noninvasive brain stimulation on the upper limb motor function of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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