{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:18:33Z","timestamp":1793276313345,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGP2\/633\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/633\/46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated Digital Smile Design (DSD) on patients and clinician satisfaction, and overall aesthetic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify studies (2004\u20132024) evaluating AI-based DSD. Eligible studies reported patient\/clinician satisfaction or facial esthetic outcomes. Data were extracted on study characteristics, participant demographics, DSD type, and outcome measures. A meta-analysis of satisfaction prevalence was performed using Jamovi with a random-effects model. Methodological quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, and publication bias was evaluated via rank correlation, fail-safe N, and regression tests for funnel plot asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven studies were included after screening 387 records. AI-based tools (e.g. SmileCloud, REBEL, and Invisalign SmileView) improved esthetic outcomes, enhancing smile symmetry, lip arcs, and incisal edge visibility. Key predictors of success included philtrum height and buccal corridor. The meta-analysis showed a pooled satisfaction prevalence of 58% (95% CI: 0.30\u20130.86,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with high heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 60.23%). Studies had a moderate risk of bias, and publication bias was detected (regression test,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that AI-generated DSD provides significant facial esthetic outcomes. However, future studies should explore the long-term sustainability of these outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of AI-based dental treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251388392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:04:16Z","timestamp":1760630656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impact of artificial intelligence-based digital smile design on patient and clinician satisfaction and facial esthetic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ravinder S","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwalpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers School of Dental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishwanath","family":"Gurumurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayan Ibrahim H","family":"Binduhayyim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Saheer","family":"Kuruniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Alarc\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG)"},{"name":"University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artak","family":"Heboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-023-00508-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519875450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13191-012-0247-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.73387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","article-title":"Digital smile design \u2013 an overview of 3D digital workflow","volume":"17","author":"Chitlange PM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chitlange PM, Madhu PP, Reche A. Digital smile design \u2013 an overview of 3D digital workflow. J Clin Diagn Res 2023; 17: ZE01\u2013ZE05.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"Digital smile design","volume":"14","author":"Thomas PA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thomas PA, et al. Digital smile design. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14: S43\u2013s49.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.2911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"567","article-title":"Digital smile design: utilizing novel technologies for ultimate esthetics","volume":"44","author":"Georg R.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Georg R. Digital smile design: utilizing novel technologies for ultimate esthetics. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2023; 44: 567\u2013572; quiz 573.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2020.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13159001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"248","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in dentistry: current applications and future perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Chen YW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen YW, Stanley K, Att W. Artificial intelligence in dentistry: current applications and future perspectives. Quintessence Int 2020; 51: 248\u2013257.","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Smart smile: revolutionizing dentistry with artificial intelligence","volume":"15","author":"Dhopte A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhopte A, Bagde H. 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