{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:24:08Z","timestamp":1777551848774,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the use of Google's advanced large language models and the LangChain library for developing a chat counseling system for cataract disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed system integrates a manually constructed cataract disease information repository with Google Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, while LangChain is used to simplify the development and deployment of the conversational pipeline. The effectiveness of the system is evaluated using the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score, a standard metric for assessing the quality of generated responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary evaluation demonstrates an encouraging trend, indicating that the proposed system is suitable for building innovative and responsive counseling tools for cataract education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that combining Google Generative AI models with LangChain and a curated cataract information repository can support the development of practical conversational systems in the domain of cataract disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261423991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:27:04Z","timestamp":1773307624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A LangChain-facilitated conversational approach to cataract disease: A pilot study with large language models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sheikh Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, DI Khan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naila Sammar","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tehseen","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, School Education Department, Government of Punjab, Layyah, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abu Dhabi University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Al-Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Amir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS University Islamabad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Hamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Moncton"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"International Institute of Technology and Management (IITG), Avenue des Grandes Ecoles, Libreville, Gabon"},{"name":"Bridges for Academic Excellence - Spectrum, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogr.2023.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2024.114542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3101142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18149-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICI-BME.2015.7401368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISITIA.2015.7219958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3008539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2527787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSP.2016.7754258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.000892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigit R Triyana E Rochmad M. 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