{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:24:58Z","timestamp":1777551898471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) remains an important tool for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection (TBI), including in patients receiving immunomodulatory therapies. However, conventional in-person TST reading requires repeated hospital visits, which may pose logistical challenges and limit accessibility to care. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of patient self-assessment of TST reactions under real-time telemedicine supervision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study included 100 adult patients with an indication for TST. After purified protein derivative (PPD) administration, all participants received standardized educational materials and a uniform measurement protocol. At 72\u2005h, patients performed self-measurement of TST induration during real-time video consultations under physician guidance. Immediately thereafter, TST measurements were repeated in the outpatient clinic by a pulmonologist for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A statistically significant moderate agreement was observed between patient- and physician-measured induration diameters (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.535,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among patients with physician-assessed TST-negative results, concordance with self-assessment was high, including 97% of patients receiving immunomodulatory treatment. Clinically relevant discordance requiring protocol modification was observed in 8% of cases and occurred predominantly among patients reporting measurable induration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Telemedicine-supported TST assessment demonstrates acceptable reliability and may serve as a practical alternative to conventional in-person evaluation, particularly for patients with TST-negative results. This approach has the potential to reduce unnecessary hospital visits and optimize healthcare resource utilization. Further studies are warranted to better define patient subgroups that may benefit from in-person confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261428384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:12:31Z","timestamp":1772453551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Future direction of tuberculin skin test: Integration of telemedicine for test reading"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilufer","family":"Yigit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamukkale University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8278-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryem","family":"Sanl\u0131alp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamukkale University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hande","family":"Senol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamukkale University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazl\u0131","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyonkarahisar State Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goksel","family":"Alt\u0131n\u0131s\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamukkale University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection: Updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management","author":"WHO","year":"2024","unstructured":"WHO. Latent tuberculosis infection: Updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024, Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/378535\/9789240097773-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S504632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Update of diagnostic methods in tuberculosis (TB)","volume":"57","author":"Matteo MJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matteo MJ, Latini MC, Martinovic DN, et al. Update of diagnostic methods in tuberculosis (TB). Rev Argent Microbiol 2025; 57: 49\u201353.","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12090202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1383898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"100609","article-title":"Innovating tuberculosis prevention to achieve universal health coverage in the Philippines","volume":"29","author":"Calderon JS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calderon JS, Perry KE, Thi SS, et al. Innovating tuberculosis prevention to achieve universal health coverage in the Philippines. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 29: 100609.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Smoking cessation support via video counseling (e-cessation): a promising field for telemedicine implementation","volume":"25","author":"Metin M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Metin M, Kaya \u015e, S\u00f6zmen K, et al. Smoking cessation support via video counseling (e-cessation): a promising field for telemedicine implementation. Thorac Res Pract 2024; 25: 121\u2013129.","journal-title":"Thorac Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.20239602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2025\u20132023 data","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control\/WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2025","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control\/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2025\u20132023 data. Stockholm: ECDC\/WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01721-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2019.0190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18490\/sosars.1290156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences of directly observed treatment in tuberculosis: insights from a mixed-methods cross-sectional study","volume":"50","author":"Amorim D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amorim D, Ramos JP, Barbosa P, et al. Perceptions and experiences of directly observed treatment in tuberculosis: insights from a mixed-methods cross-sectional study. 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