{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:03:47Z","timestamp":1792047827123,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to explore the impact of wearable devices on rehabilitation of stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, SineMed, and VIP databases to identify articles from inception through Janu 15th, 2026. The primary endpoint was limbs function, comprising upper limb function, lower limb function, and overall motor function, while secondary endpoints included quality of life and activities of daily living. The standard mean difference was taken as the effect value and the random effects method was adopted when\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      was greater than 50%. The risk bias assessment employed the Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool, while the sensitivity analysis and publication bias were respectively evaluated through the sequential exclusion method and the Egger\u2019s method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review included 20 studies and a total sample of 1007 participants. Significant statistical differences were observed in upper limb function (SMD 0.27, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.45,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.004), lower limb function (SMD 1.58, 95%CI 0.31 to 2.85,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01), overall motor function (SMD 4.59 95% CI, 0.80 to 8.38,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02) and activities of daily living (SMD 2.61, 95%CI 1.18 to 4.04,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01) among stroke patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearable devices are found to have positive impact on the limb function and activity of daily living of stroke patients, but have no significant intervention effect on quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261444919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:37:31Z","timestamp":1778780251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of wearable devices for upper and lower limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3373-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University"},{"name":"Shandong First Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University"},{"name":"Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital of Sichuan University, Cheng du, Si chuan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","first-page":"1883","article-title":"Effects of health management based on narrative medicine model on self-managed cognitive function and limb function of perimenopausal stroke patients","volume":"39","author":"Dong-dong ZHU","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong-dong ZHU, Zhen-lei JIA, Xu-ting LI, et al. Effects of health management based on narrative medicine model on self-managed cognitive function and limb function of perimenopausal stroke patients. Maternal and Child Health Care of China 2024; 39(10): 1883\u20131886.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Care of China"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15981"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207609"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61953-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1289687"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010442.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2014.23.3.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030799"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06340-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18907"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40416"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2003.1213625"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.2988177"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115524"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00880.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11319600-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00978-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228503"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197392"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5891"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","volume-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46558"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241285858"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","first-page":"992","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test Scale for Evaluating Upper Limb Function in Acute Stroke Patients","volume":"24","author":"Wu Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu Y, Min Y, Yan T. Validity and Reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test Scale for Evaluating Upper Limb Function in Acute Stroke Patients. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2009; 24(12): 992\u2013998.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799109166684"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","unstructured":"MC Master University and Evidence Prime 2021. GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. (Computersoftware). https:\/\/www.gradepro.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3","author":"Higgins JTJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Higgins JTJ, Chandler J (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from. https:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04691-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17216"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3682898"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-018-0345-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519834720"},{"issue":"59","key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","first-page":"049","article-title":"Application of Internet Plus - Based Wearable Devices in Health Care after Stroke Patients Undergoing Stenting","volume":"21","author":"Wang Sha-Sha YL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Sha-Sha YL, Yong-Li J, Xian-Ju L, et al. Application of Internet Plus - Based Wearable Devices in Health Care after Stroke Patients Undergoing Stenting. World Latest Medicine Information (Electronic Version) 2021; 21(59): 049.","journal-title":"World Latest Medicine Information (Electronic Version)"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","first-page":"033","article-title":"Analysis on the Application Effect of Wearable Devices in Stroke Patients Discharged from Hospital","volume":"14","author":"Zhuang F-Juan CY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhuang F-Juan CY, Yan Z. Analysis on the Application Effect of Wearable Devices in Stroke Patients Discharged from Hospital. China Digital Medicine 2019; 14(7): 033.","journal-title":"China Digital Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","first-page":"042","article-title":"Application of Network Education Combined with Sports Bracelet in ADL and Functional Training of Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia","volume":"27","author":"Li Meng-qian LD-H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Meng-qian LD-H. Application of Network Education Combined with Sports Bracelet in ADL and Functional Training of Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia. Today Nurse 2020; 27(23): 042.","journal-title":"Today Nurse"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13070708"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194549"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717692096"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31817fabc1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96084-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-230347"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2882235"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002735"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318246203e"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.17.2095"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4304-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.674671"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00927-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2003.1213624"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668316670553"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr18s01-599"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231186985"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0236-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040676"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.06846-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/67297"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-025-01863-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2021.1943800"},{"issue":"02","key":"e_1_3_6_67_2","first-page":"012","article-title":"Minimum Clinically Important Difference of the Modified Barthel Index in the Assessment of Ischemic Stroke Patients","volume":"39","author":"Huang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Shi J, Sun Y, et al. Minimum Clinically Important Difference of the Modified Barthel Index in the Assessment of Ischemic Stroke Patients. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics 2022; 39(02): 012.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968306294729"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.052763"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_6_70_2","first-page":"Cd012543","article-title":"Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors","volume":"7","author":"Lynch EA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch EA, Jones TM, Simpson DB, et al. Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7(7): Cd012543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023088","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261460275","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000}}],"container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076261444919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552076261444919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076261444919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:35:44Z","timestamp":1784172944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552076261444919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552076261444919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552076261444919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2076","2055-2076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2076","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"article-number":"20552076261444919"}}