{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:28:20Z","timestamp":1786750100292,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined associations between social media use patterns and mental well-being among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional online survey included college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (n = 374; mean age = 21.31 years, SD = 2.47). Social media addiction risk was assessed using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), with a cut-off score of \u226519. Mental health measures included depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), insomnia (ISI), perceived stress (PSS), self-esteem (RSES), life satisfaction (K-SWLS), and suicidal ideation (BSI). Multivariable logistic regression used four models incorporating psychological variables as categorical or continuous measures, with and without sex adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 29.1% were classified as at risk of social media addiction. Daily social media time was the factor most consistently associated with addiction risk, with significantly increased odds across all models (OR range: 4.43\u20135.04). Anxiety, perceived stress, and insomnia were also significantly associated with higher addiction risk. Moderate depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk in categorical but not continuous models, a pattern consistent with a non-linear association. Suicidal ideation showed no crude association and became inversely associated only after mutual adjustment for correlated psychological variables, which sensitivity analyses indicated was attributable to suppression effects rather than a protective association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excessive social media use is consistently associated with addiction risk and is related to multiple dimensions of mental health. These findings support addressing behavioral and psychological factors in interventions aimed at promoting healthy social media use among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261479201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:54:53Z","timestamp":1786578893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social media use and mental well-being among college students: A cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Youn-Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Daejeon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hwasung Medi-Science University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo-Young","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daejeon University"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Management, College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093528"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22466"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000362"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12162"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000160"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169839"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00686"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268109"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000047"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.2.276"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090197"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264276284-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980730)17:14<1623::AID-SIM871>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (K-RSES) in adult","volume":"12","author":"Bae HN","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bae HN, Choi SW, Yu JC, et al. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (K-RSES) in adult. Mood Emot 2014; 12: 43\u201349.","journal-title":"Mood Emot"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2014.10.3.210"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","first-page":"877","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Korean Police Officers, University Students, and Adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Lim YJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim YJ. Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Korean Police Officers, University Students, and Adolescents. Korean J Psychol Gen 2012; 31: 877\u2013896.","journal-title":"Korean J Psychol Gen"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.47.2.343"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15842\/kjcp.2009.28.4.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0294"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013178"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) on samples of Korean university students","volume":"29","author":"Park J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park J, Seo YS. Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) on samples of Korean university students. Korean J Psychol Gen 2010; 29: 611\u2013629.","journal-title":"Korean J Psychol Gen"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2012.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000502577"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2018.100148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031161"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617723376"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0758"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0325-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760701756946"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181722"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200405000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026595011371"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245919847202"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","volume-title":"Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally","author":"Taylor K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor K, Silver L. Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally. : Pew Research Center, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","volume-title":"2024 Survey on Smartphone Overdependence","author":"Ministry of Science and ICT and National Information Society Agency","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ministry of Science and ICT and National Information Society Agency. 2024 Survey on Smartphone Overdependence. Sejong: Ministry of Science and ICT, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-016-0453-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20617"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9971"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20805"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.106160"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12663"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100313"}],"container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076261479201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552076261479201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552076261479201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:23:58Z","timestamp":1786749838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552076261479201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552076261479201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552076261479201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2076","2055-2076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2076","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"article-number":"20552076261479201"}}