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These tools may serve as mobile health (mHealth) interventions to maintain patient contact, especially among individuals who have difficulty attending appointments. However, prior use and comfort with WhatsApp-based health communication among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) have not been previously examined in Panama.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During August-October 2024, this cross-sectional study recruited participants from two urban antiretroviral (ART) clinics and three community-based organizations in and near Panama City and Col\u00f3n. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on prior use and comfort with WhatsApp-based communication with providers and for receiving health information. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression described associations with sociodemographic, HIV care engagement, substance use, and psychosocial factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 277 participants (median age 37 years, interquartile range 28-45 years), 33.6% had communicated with providers and 47.7% received health information via WhatsApp. Over 80% reported comfort using WhatsApp with a provider and for receiving health information. Discrimination was associated with prior provider communication (AOR=2.129, 90%CI:1.12-4.047) and comfort (AOR=2.324, 90%CI:1.202-4.492). Missed appointments were associated with lower odds of provider communication (AOR=0.567, 90%CI:0.311-1.034). Recent drug use was associated with having received health information (AOR=2.16, 90%CI:1.054-4.465); not yet engaging in care was associated with lower odds of prior use (AOR=0.374, 90%CI:0.145-0.963).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior use of WhatsApp for health communication was modest, but comfort was high. Associations with discrimination, drug use, and retention in care may indicate that WhatsApp could be relevant for individuals experiencing psychosocial and behavioural vulnerabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261479438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:07:50Z","timestamp":1787310470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prior use and comfort using WhatsApp for health communication among people living with HIV in urban Panama: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Gabster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"name":"Department of Research, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beren Crim","family":"Sabuncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Hightow-Weidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ch\u00e1vez S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de VIH\/ITS, Ministerio de Salud de Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dixennia","family":"Bejarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey D.","family":"Xavier Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Department of Research, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Cabezas Talavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Ara\u00faz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"name":"Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Santo Tom\u00e1s"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venus","family":"Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Asociaci\u00f3n Paname\u00f1a de Personas Trans"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandin","family":"Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Wigudun Galu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Asociaci\u00f3n Trans Diversa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umed","family":"Ibragimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yigit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank (Frankie) Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Department of Research, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam E.","family":"Tratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"name":"Department of Research, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac K.","family":"Payton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"De La Vega-Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Flores Millender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University"},{"name":"Department of Research, Florida State University"},{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272405"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","unstructured":"The Global Fund PEPFAR UNAIDS. 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