{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:26:55Z","timestamp":1787646415116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese-language patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) for gastrointestinal endoscopy remain limited. We developed and psychometrically evaluated a 54-item Endoscopy Patient Experience Scale (EPES) for Chinese patients; because the field survey had a valid-response rate of 99.28% (965\/972), simplification was framed as a prospective methodological exploration rather than as a response to demonstrated burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colonoscopy responses (n = 662) were split by stratified random sampling into an exploration set (n = 463) for exploratory factor analysis and a validation set (n = 199) for confirmatory factor analysis. A 303-patient gastroscopy cohort was used only as a cross-procedure applicability test. A multi-objective black-winged kite algorithm selected Simplified EPES (S-EPES) items to reproduce EPES dimension scores under reliability and item-reduction constraints, and an exploratory decision support system (EPE-DSS) was built from S-EPES and clustering outputs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The EPES showed acceptable structural, convergent and discriminant validity and reliability in the colonoscopy validation set, and the retained structure was compatible with gastroscopy after removal of bowel-preparation dimensions. The 24-item S-EPES achieved per-dimension R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 0.85 against EPES dimension scores; post-hoc classification yielded a weighted-average F1 of 0.917 in colonoscopy data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main contribution is the Chinese EPES. S-EPES and EPE-DSS are exploratory prototypes demonstrating score-prediction feasibility, not validated clinical instruments; multicenter validation, comparison with conventional item-reduction methods, and measurement-invariance testing are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261480890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T14:21:30Z","timestamp":1787408490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development, simplification, and prospective methodological exploration of a Chinese endoscopy patient experience scale and a decision support system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongjie","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0470-0066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Military Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1104-5245"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003810"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-024-00710-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-113128"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000653"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001957"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2020.1781585"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074643"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00704-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-019-0130-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33826-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10723-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04959-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2024.116840"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally JC","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nunnally JC. Psychometric Theory. 2nd ed. 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