{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:16:52Z","timestamp":1789395412619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital health interventions often struggle to scale due to rigid, resource-intensive design methods. A shift is underway toward evaluating AI-as-Agent, a dynamic partner in the design process, rather than a static clinical product. This systematic scoping review maps the landscape of generative digital health design and its impact on healthcare transformation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library (2020\u20132025) for studies utilizing AI tools to actively support the design, development, or evaluation of digital health artifacts with human-in-the-loop validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. We identified distinct design roles for AI: Creator, Facilitator, Co-Designer, Tester, and Evaluator. Results indicate AI shows potential to mitigate critical design risks: synthetic data enables pre-clinical risk abatement; generative co-design fosters epistemic agency and patient inclusivity; and automated workflow analysis reduces clinician cognitive load. Based on these findings, we propose the AGENT Framework (Algorithmic Simulation, Generative Co-Design, Embedded Guardrails, Next-Best-Action, Tracked Evolution).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI is evolving into a collaborative design partner capable of enhancing the equity, scalability, and safety of digital health interventions. The AGENT framework offers a structured roadmap for stakeholders to integrate AI into the innovation lifecycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076261490346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:58:57Z","timestamp":1789210737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How to design digital health interventions with artificial intelligence: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6034-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Political Science and Law"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2055-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Raymond","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21299"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12548-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2022.102288"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/69533"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/68316"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582221077000"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","volume-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","author":"McCarren L","year":"2025","unstructured":"McCarren L, Kuoppam\u00e4ki S. A LLM-Based Chatbot for Mindfulness Practice with Older Adults: A Development and Usability Study. In: Andrikopoulou E, Gallos P, Arvanitis TN, et al. (eds). Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI extension | Nature Medicine. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-1034-x (accessed 5 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","unstructured":"Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI extension | Nature Medicine. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-1037-7 (accessed 5 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","volume-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","author":"Purkayastha S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Purkayastha S, Ghimire S, Sunchu K, et al. Participatory Design for AI-Embedded Artifacts: The Case of ECEB App Design to Fostering Ownership. In: Househ MS, Tariq ZUA, Al-Zubaidi M, et al. (eds). Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2025.2479838"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53616"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100108"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251315621"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08950-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","unstructured":"Scardamalia M. 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