{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:21:53Z","timestamp":1792819313843,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although multinational clinical trials frequently use patient-reported outcomes to measure efficacy, measurement equivalence across cultures and languages, a scientific requirement, is rarely tested. Clinically accessible accounts are rare; exemplars are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and test a Turkish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12v2) as a clinical exemplar for examining measurement equivalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MSWS-12v2 Turkish (MSWS-12v2T) was developed using recognised methods for linguistic equivalence. Rasch measurement theory was used to examine measurement performance (multiple tests of targeting, scale performance, and person measurement) and measurement equivalence (differential item functioning). UK data ( n\u2009=\u20093310) were used for comparisons and differential item functioning testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and twenty-four people from two Turkish centres completed the MSWS-12v2T. Rasch measurement theory evidence supported MSWS-12v2T as reliable (person separation\u2009=\u20090.96) and valid (thresholds ordered; no concerning item misfit, bias, or person misfit). However, four items demonstrated significantly different performance between UK and Turkish samples. These item differences significantly affected scores (person measurements) at the group-level ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Individual person differences were less pronounced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linguistic equivalence does not guarantee measurement equivalence; independent testing is required. Rasch measurement theory enables sophisticated and unique examinations of cross-cultural measurement equivalence and we recommend this be tested routinely in pivotal multiple sclerosis clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217317728740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T07:23:27Z","timestamp":1504250607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Testing patient-reported outcome measurement equivalence in multinational clinical trials: An exemplar using the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hussein","family":"Dib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Tamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dicle University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Hobart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Trials and Health Research: Translational & Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2055217317728740","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry. Patient-reported outcome measures: Use in medical product development to support labeling claims, Silver Spring, MD: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 2009, pp. 1\u201343."},{"key":"bibr2-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"bibr3-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90142-N"},{"key":"bibr4-2055217317728740","first-page":"159","volume":"78","author":"Lauffer A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"bibr5-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083794"},{"key":"bibr6-2055217317728740","first-page":"215","volume":"41","author":"Jamroz-Wisniewska A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"bibr7-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012001200004"},{"key":"bibr8-2055217317728740","first-page":"540828","volume":"2015","author":"Solaro C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"bibr9-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13120"},{"key":"bibr10-2055217317728740","volume-title":"Statistical theories of mental test scores","author":"Lord FM","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr11-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(66)90002-2"},{"key":"bibr12-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293814"},{"key":"bibr13-2055217317728740","volume-title":"Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests","author":"Rasch G","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr14-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998611411913"},{"key":"bibr15-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1986.tb00251.x"},{"key":"bibr16-2055217317728740","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1967 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems","author":"Wright B","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr17-2055217317728740","first-page":"OC14-8","volume":"9","author":"Hussein MS","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"bibr18-2055217317728740","first-page":"285","volume":"2","author":"Prieto L","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Outcome Meas"},{"key":"bibr19-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X11415112"},{"key":"bibr20-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-88"},{"key":"bibr21-2055217317728740","volume-title":"RUMM2030: A Windows interactive program for analysing data with Rasch unidimensional model for measurement","author":"Andrich D","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr22-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.11.59"},{"key":"bibr23-2055217317728740","first-page":"334","volume":"18","author":"Hobart J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"bibr24-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.31"},{"key":"bibr25-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19120"},{"key":"bibr26-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00164-8"},{"key":"bibr27-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-007-9186-3"},{"key":"bibr28-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164414534258"},{"key":"bibr29-2055217317728740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293746"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055217317728740","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2055217317728740","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055217317728740","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T14:55:52Z","timestamp":1740927352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2055217317728740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2055217317728740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055217317728740","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"article-number":"2055217317728740"}}