{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:01:53Z","timestamp":1780711313897,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most common presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the optic nerves is challenging because of retrobulbar motion, orbital fat and susceptibility artifacts from maxillary sinuses; therefore, axonal loss is investigated with the surrogate measure of a single heuristically defined point along the nerve as opposed to volumetric investigation. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> The objective of this paper is to derive optic nerve volumetrics along the entire nerve length in patients with MS and healthy controls in\u00a0vivo using high-resolution, clinically viable MRI. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> An advanced, isotropic T2-weighted turbo spin echo MRI was applied to 29 MS patients with (14 patients ON+) or without (15 patients ON\u2013) history of ON and 42 healthy volunteers. An automated tool was used to estimate and compare whole optic nerve and surrounding cerebrospinal fluid radii along the length of the nerve. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Only ON+ MS patients had a significantly reduced optic nerve radius compared to healthy controls in the central segment of the optic nerve. Using clinically available MRI methods, we show and quantify ON volume loss for the first time in MS patients. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217317730097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T11:39:51Z","timestamp":1505302791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Quantitative characterization of optic nerve atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L","family":"Harrigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex K","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailey","family":"Lyttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailey","family":"Box","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett A","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharama","family":"Pawate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2055217317730097","first-page":"727","volume":"65","author":"Optic Neuritis Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Nives of neurology"},{"key":"bibr2-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901"},{"key":"bibr3-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.08.004"},{"key":"bibr4-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000057"},{"key":"bibr5-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh076"},{"key":"bibr6-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2683"},{"key":"bibr7-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22202"},{"key":"bibr8-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.013"},{"key":"bibr9-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrigan RL, Plassard AJ, Mawn LA, et al. Constructing a statistical atlas of the radii of the optic nerve and cerebrospinal fluid sheath in young healthy adults. Proceedings of SPIE\u2013the International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 9413. NIH Public Access, 2015.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2081887"},{"key":"bibr10-2055217317730097","first-page":"101331C\u2013101331C","author":"Harrigan RL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"bibr11-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrigan RL, Smith AK, Mawn LA, et al. Short term reproducibility of a high contrast 3-D isotropic optic nerve imaging sequence in healthy controls. Proceedings of SPIE\u2013the International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 9783. NIH Public Access, 2016.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2216834"},{"key":"bibr12-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25613"},{"key":"bibr13-2055217317730097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y, Burns SS, Lauzon CB, et al. Integration of XNAT\/PACS, DICOM, and research software for automated multi-modal image analysis. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 8674. 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