{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:16:23Z","timestamp":1787019383503,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness with neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is well established. The relationship of the adjoining inner nuclear layer (INL) with inflammatory disease activity is less well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship of INL volume changes with inflammatory disease activity in MS. Methods In this longitudinal, multi-centre study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and clinical data (disability status, relapses and MS optic neuritis (MSON)) were collected in 785 patients with MS (68.3% female) and 92 healthy controls (63.4% female) from 11 MS centres between 2010 and 2017 and pooled retrospectively. Data on pRNFL, GCIPL and INL were obtained at each centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant increase in INL volume in eyes with new MSON during the study ( N\u2009=\u200961\/1562, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.01\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Clinical relapses (other than MSON) were significantly associated with increased INL volume (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.005, p\u2009=\u2009.025). INL volume was independent of disease progression (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.002\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p\u2009=\u2009.474).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data demonstrate that an increase in INL volume is associated with MSON and the occurrence of clinical relapses. Therefore, INL volume changes may be useful as an outcome marker for inflammatory disease activity in MSON and MS treatment trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217319871582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T21:05:49Z","timestamp":1567717549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Retinal inner nuclear layer volume reflects inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis; a longitudinal OCT study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisanne J","family":"Balk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danko","family":"Coric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Knier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna G","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2009\u2013\u2009Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Behbehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Centre, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Alroughani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena H","family":"Martinez-Lapiscina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDIBAPS \u2013 Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9768-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander U","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2009\u2013\u2009Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Dalmau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDIBAPS \u2013 Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7270-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Vidal-Jordana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia, Neurology-Neuroinmunology Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Koska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Havla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet Muenchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel C","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"Leocani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2009\u2013\u2009Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9\u2009\u2013\u2009Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orhan","family":"Aktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Montalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis 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