{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:23:24Z","timestamp":1774689804639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> HTLV1-associated myelitis (HAM) is a slowly progressive myelopathy in which spinal cord MRI demonstrates no lesion or atrophy. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> We examined the overlap between NMOSD features and HTLV1 infection. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included all HTLV1-infected patients recruited in French West Indies (FWI) or referred from different centers, and suffering from at least one NMOSD feature. Literature connecting HTLV1-infection and NMOSD was reviewed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included six NMOSD-like HAM with acute onset, seronegative against AQP4 and MOG-Abs. All displayed extensive longitudinal myelitis, and the optic nerve was involved in three. We gathered 39 cases of NMOSD-like HAM patients from the literature. Atypical signs of HAM were relapses (15.4%), sensory level (50%), upper limb symptoms (35.9%), optic neuritis (10.2%). Typical lesions involved lateral funiculi and featured a double rope sign (56.3%). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> We propose that acute onset of NMOSD-like HAM could be more frequent than expected and should be evoked in high-risk patients. Extensive but often transient cord lesions could be the hallmark of an excessive inflammation of the funiculi targeted by HTLV1 infection. Although usually minor, a few HAM cases demonstrate specific MRI lesions, and the most severe cases may mimic NMOSD attacks. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173211037361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T07:05:08Z","timestamp":1627715108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NMOSD-like and longitudinal extensive HTLV1-associated myelitis are extremes that flank an overlooked continuum"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1401-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mickael","family":"Bonnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier, Pau, France"},{"name":"Service de Neurologie, H\u00f4pital Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, French West Indies, 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