{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:28:33Z","timestamp":1778905713194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001108","name":"The Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Optic neuritis (ON) occurs in immune-mediated disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated demyelination (MOGAD). Accurate determination of aetiology is critical for appropriate treatment and prognostication. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> To evaluate demyelination and axonal loss in MOG-ON to facilitate differentiation from MS-ON and AQP4-ON. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> 15 MOGAD patients with previous ON (25 eyes) underwent multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) recordings and optical coherence tomography scans. Comparison was made to previously reported MS patients ( n\u2009=\u200967, 69 eyes) and AQP4-NMOSD patients ( n\u2009=\u200915, 23 eyes) with prior ON and healthy controls ( n\u2009=\u200937, 74 eyes). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> MOG-ON patients had less retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) loss than AQP4-ON patients ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and less mfVEP latency prolongation than MS-ON patients ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Number of ON episodes in MOGAD was associated with reduced RNFL thickness (global, p\u2009=\u20090.07; temporal, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and mfVEP amplitude ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was no abnormality in non-ON eyes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Our study demonstrated a distinct pattern of damage in MOG-ON compared to AQP4-ON and MS-ON. ON in MOGAD produces less axonal loss than AQP4-NMOSD. Damage accumulates with relapses, supporting the role of maintenance immunosuppression to induce remission. Compared to MS, MOGAD causes less demyelination. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173211063126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T15:27:29Z","timestamp":1640100449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural and functional markers of optic nerve damage in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4145-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd A","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen W","family":"Reddel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Brilot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre at Kids Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudarshini","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre at Kids Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandr","family":"Klistorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Con","family":"Yiannikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316880"},{"key":"bibr2-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515593406"},{"key":"bibr3-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000040"},{"key":"bibr4-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.041"},{"key":"bibr5-20552173211063126","first-page":"135245851986492","author":"Sotirchos ES","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"bibr6-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431973"},{"key":"bibr7-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826845fe"},{"key":"bibr8-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0"},{"key":"bibr9-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5699"},{"key":"bibr10-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6"},{"key":"bibr11-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7434"},{"key":"bibr12-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01658107.2015.1074253"},{"key":"bibr13-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000012"},{"key":"bibr14-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.06.022"},{"key":"bibr15-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"bibr16-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"bibr17-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4577"},{"key":"bibr18-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-19047"},{"key":"bibr19-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078341"},{"key":"bibr20-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8732"},{"key":"bibr21-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823"},{"key":"bibr22-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002774"},{"key":"bibr23-20552173211063126","first-page":"2145","volume":"42","author":"Klistorner AI","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bibr24-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827deb39"},{"key":"bibr25-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.036"},{"key":"bibr26-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"bibr27-20552173211063126","author":"JA Lopez\u2020","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"bibr28-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0786-3"},{"key":"bibr29-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170847"},{"key":"bibr30-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00428-8"},{"key":"bibr31-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183957"},{"key":"bibr32-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf193"},{"key":"bibr33-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000924"},{"key":"bibr34-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000694"},{"key":"bibr35-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-35"},{"key":"bibr36-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.03.006"},{"key":"bibr37-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa102"},{"key":"bibr38-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-184"},{"key":"bibr39-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05461.2003"},{"key":"bibr40-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.7.1283"},{"key":"bibr41-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000427"},{"key":"bibr42-20552173211063126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1521-5"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173211063126","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173211063126","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173211063126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T22:26:41Z","timestamp":1740954401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173211063126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173211063126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173211063126","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"article-number":"20552173211063126"}}