{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:41:53Z","timestamp":1753882913500,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMD Serono, Inc., Rockland, MA, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Increased understanding of adherence may facilitate optimal targeting of interventions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> To utilize group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to understand longitudinal patterns of adherence and factors associated with non-adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) newly-initiating once-\/twice-daily oral disease-modifying therapy (DMT) (fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Commercial plan data were analyzed using proportion of days covered (PDC) to evaluate factors associated with non-adherence. GBTM clustered patient subgroups with similar longitudinal patterns of adherence measured by monthly PDC (\u226580%) and multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with adherence trajectory subgroups. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Among 7689 patients, 39.5% were non-adherent to once-\/twice-daily oral DMTs. Characteristics associated with non-adherence (PDC&lt;80%) included younger age, female, depression or migraine, switching during follow-up, more frequent dosing, relapse, and absence of magnetic resonance imaging. GBTM elucidated three adherence subgroups: Immediately Non-Adherent (14.9%); Gradually Non-Adherent (19.5%), and Adherent (65.6%). Additional factors associated with adherence (i.e. region, chronic lung disease) were identified and factors differed among trajectory subgroups. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> These analyses confirmed that a significant proportion of patients with MS are non-adherent to once-\/twice-daily oral DMTs. Unique patterns of non-adherence and factors associated with patterns of adherence emerged. The approach demonstrated how quantitative trajectories can help clinicians develop tailored interventions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173221101150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T11:36:17Z","timestamp":1656588977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Static and group-based trajectory analyses of factors associated with non-adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis newly-initiating once- or twice-daily oral disease-modifying therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline A","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OhioHealth Multiple Sclerosis Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie C","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Consulting Corporation, Boxborough, MA, 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