{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:39:21Z","timestamp":1767890361860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/CSRI\/151\/2016(G)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/CSRI\/151\/2016(G)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs early. Locally adapted neuropsychological data from India in MS is scarce. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p> We aimed to identify the pattern of cognitive impairment in relapsing MS (RMS) with mild disability using a regionally-adapted MS-specific cognitive battery. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study included 59 persons with MS (pwMS) with expanded disability status scale (EDSS)\u2264 4 and 62 controls. The battery had 8 neuropsychological tests (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT], Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT], Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised [BVMT-R], verbal fluency [VF], Judgement of Line Orientation Test [JOLOT], Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST] and Trail Making Test-B [TMT-B]) with 11 measures. The scores were compared between the groups for pattern and associations of cognitive impairment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The pwMS cohort had 39 (66.1%) females; mean age of 32.56 (\u00b18.17) years. Scores were significantly worse for pwMS in 10 of 11 tests (except JOLOT). Cohen's-d test showed the largest effect sizes for PASAT, SDMT, VF and TMT-B. Cognitive impairment (defined as \u22652 abnormal tests) were noted in 41 (69.5%) pwMS. Male sex was associated with cognitive impairment ( p\u2009=\u20090.002). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> In pwMS with mild disability, nearly two-thirds had cognitive abnormalities, predominantly involving processing speed, working memory, executive function, and VF. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173241304302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:27:48Z","timestamp":1733999268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping cognitive dysfunction in relapsing multiple sclerosis with mild disability: A cross-sectional study from South India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sruthi S","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, \rKerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jissa Vinodha","family":"Thulaseedharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neenumol Kandagathparambil","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elshal","family":"Bava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gowthami","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muralidharan","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekharan","family":"Kesavadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramshekhar N","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30277-5"},{"key":"bibr2-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.09.005"},{"key":"bibr3-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2019-091"},{"key":"bibr4-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.685"},{"key":"bibr5-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706060723"},{"key":"bibr6-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431076"},{"key":"bibr7-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106712"},{"key":"bibr8-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/937586"},{"key":"bibr9-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000768"},{"key":"bibr10-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.120478"},{"key":"bibr11-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.08.001"},{"key":"bibr12-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"bibr13-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144018"},{"key":"bibr14-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.64639"},{"key":"bibr15-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.31582"},{"key":"bibr16-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.33258"},{"key":"bibr17-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661269"},{"key":"bibr18-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516674367"},{"key":"bibr19-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509105544"},{"key":"bibr20-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7661-3"},{"key":"bibr21-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7404289"},{"key":"bibr22-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105646"},{"key":"bibr23-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.208173"},{"key":"bibr24-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307091111"},{"key":"bibr25-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2012.03.007"},{"key":"bibr26-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004977"},{"key":"bibr27-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513501570"},{"key":"bibr28-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0296-2"},{"key":"bibr29-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390600672163"},{"key":"bibr30-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acac059"},{"key":"bibr31-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.629183"},{"key":"bibr32-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400506"},{"key":"bibr33-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70166-6"},{"key":"bibr34-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515599075"},{"key":"bibr35-20552173241304302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514533229"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173241304302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173241304302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173241304302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T14:11:25Z","timestamp":1740924685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173241304302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173241304302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173241304302","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"article-number":"20552173241304302"}}