{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:21:19Z","timestamp":1756462879461,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title> Persistence to B cell depleting therapies (BCDT) like ocrelizumab and rituximab may be higher compared with other disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical trials directly comparing these treatments are lacking. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title> To compare the risk of treatment discontinuation, relapse, and confirmed disability worsening in patients starting BCDT vs other DMT within real-world settings. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title> In a longitudinal cohort study, patients with relapsing MS starting BCDT (ocrelizumab\/rituximab, n\u2009=\u2009269) after enrolment into the Swiss MS Cohort (SMSC) were evaluated for treatment discontinuation, occurrence of relapses, and disability worsening in comparison with platform ( n\u2009=\u200957) and oral ( n\u2009=\u2009454) DMT, or natalizumab ( n\u2009=\u200973) using Cox regression with double robust adjustment for baseline covariates. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title> Patients starting BCDT were less likely to discontinue treatment than all other DMT combined (HR\u2009=\u20090.26, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.18\u20130.36, p\u2009<\u2009.01), oral DMT (HR\u2009=\u20090.28, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.20\u20130.39, p\u2009<\u2009.01) and natalizumab (HR\u2009=\u20090.35, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.21\u20130.58, p\u2009<\u2009.01). BCDT were associated with lower risk of relapses as compared to oral DMT HR\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.39\u20130.88, p\u2009<\u2009.01), but not to natalizumab (HR\u2009=\u20090.90, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.45\u20131.82, p\u2009=\u2009.778). Disability worsening was not significantly different between treatment groups. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title> We provide real-world evidence for patients being more persistent to BCDT than to other treatments, and better clinical outcomes may partly explain this. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251315457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T06:26:57Z","timestamp":1740637617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment persistence and clinical outcomes in patients starting B cell depleting therapies within the Swiss MS Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Disanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schaedelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Oechtering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Lorscheider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3092-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Galbusera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Finkener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Achtnichts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Lalive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1146-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Pot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hoepner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Salmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Dept. of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9990-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Zecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars G","family":"Hemkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Fischer-Barnicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Du Pasquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","family":"Yaldizli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-2872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Einsiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Derfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kappos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Granziera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjolaine","family":"Uginet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra Maleska","family":"Maceski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keltie","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytel, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Leppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Benkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Swiss MS Cohort Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr1-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211039648"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr2-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr3-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr4-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr5-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706383"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr6-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003331"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr7-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr8-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21363"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr9-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850081"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr10-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042203"},{"key":"bibr11-20552173251315457","first-page":"639","volume":"27","author":"Engmann NJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr12-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00319-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr13-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.863105"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr14-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16020029"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr15-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152347"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr16-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr17-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr18-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8355"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr19-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa231"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr20-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520981300"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr21-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00009-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr22-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10950-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr23-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51732"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr24-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51282"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr25-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519872889"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr26-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24651"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr27-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211049986"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr28-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200094"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr29-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.5250"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr30-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab134"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr31-20552173251315457","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001139"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173251315457","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173251315457","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173251315457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T07:13:58Z","timestamp":1747638838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173251315457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173251315457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173251315457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2055-2173"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2055-2173"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"20552173251315457"}}