{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:23:22Z","timestamp":1767651802661,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008361","name":"Scleroseforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A35733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A35733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008361","name":"Scleroseforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A38270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A38270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008361","name":"Scleroseforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A42545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A42545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a promising biomarker allowing for in vivo quantification of blood\u2013brain barrier permeability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relationship between blood\u2013brain barrier permeability, optic neuritis disease severity, and multiple sclerosis conversion in optic neuritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gjedde-Patlak models from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were used to estimate blood\u2013brain barrier permeability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in 78 optic neuritis patients. The 2017 McDonald criteria were used to diagnose multiple sclerosis with a minimum follow-up time of 2 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      correlated with the number of magnetic resonance imaging criteria for dissemination in space (Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0074), but not with visual acuity, color vision, and inter-eye difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      did not differ between patients with and without oligoclonal bands (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.067), but patients with brain contrast-enhancing lesions had higher normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      than those without (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). Early multiple sclerosis-converters diagnosed at optic neuritis onset (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936) had higher normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      than non-converters (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), but this was not the case for late multiple sclerosis-converters (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.57). Normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      did not significantly predict overall multiple sclerosis conversion (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.068, AUC\u2009=\u20090.652).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      was associated with magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of multiple sclerosis, but not with biomarkers of optic neuritis disease severity. Normal-appearing white matter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      was increased at, but not before, the multiple sclerosis diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251346979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T02:20:09Z","timestamp":1750818009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in relation to disease severity and timing of multiple sclerosis diagnosis in optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moschoula","family":"Passali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen 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