{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:23:04Z","timestamp":1792542184955,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.ARI.MUI.REC.1401.180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.ARI.MUI.REC.1401.180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors supposedly occur frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). We investigated prevalence of comorbidity particularly CVD among pwMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two cohorts from Tehran and Isfahan were investigated retrospectively with longitudinal follow up and were invited to participate prospectively with measurement of biomedical parameters including determination of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin resistance (IR). The 10-year office-based Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 856 pwMS 329 (38.4%) had at least one comorbidity and 97 (11.3%) had\u2009&gt;\u20092 diseases, i.e., multiple comorbidity. PwMS and comorbidity were older (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and had higher age at MS onset (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) compared to the non-comorbidity group. The prevalence of comorbidity increased from 24.0% at age 15\u201329 years to 37.3% at 30\u201349 and to 52.6% at 50\u201376 years (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and was associated with odds of EDSS\u2009\u2265\u20094. FRS was for men 7.1 (4.2, 10.5) and for women 2.0 (1.3, 3.4). Of 255 with prospective blood testing, 35 (13.7%) had MetS, and 106 (41.6%) had IR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high prevalence of comorbidity, associated with disability and high FRS was observed in pwMS. Our data suggest that MetS and IR occur frequently in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251352735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T23:04:29Z","timestamp":1750806269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comorbidity and cardiovascular risk factors in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-0250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Barzegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Samadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"},{"name":"Slagelse Hospital"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosar","family":"Kohandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysa","family":"Shaygannejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Abbasi Kasbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Vaheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ghane Ezabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3756-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Mirmosayyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdorreza","family":"Naser Moghadasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Afshari-Safavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Rezaeimanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Shaygannejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3224-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasrin","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"},{"name":"Slagelse Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1197195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Iran in the last 40 years: prevalence, mortality, morbidity, challenges and strategies for cardiovascular prevention","volume":"22","author":"Sarrafzadegan N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammmadifard N. 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