{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:17:58Z","timestamp":1791919078655,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008659","name":"European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECTRIMS Postdoctoral Research Fellow"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECTRIMS Postdoctoral Research Fellow"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000924","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-4-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-4-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000924","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000924","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research grant 24-PG-0185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research grant 24-PG-0185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), smouldering inflammation at the rims of chronic active lesions is increasingly recognised as a key driver of disease progression. Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs), detected using susceptibility-weighted imaging, have emerged as a potential biomarker of this chronic inflammatory activity. However, their clinical relevance and relationship to lesion-specific features such as size and age remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between PRL presence and clinical\/radiological measures of disease progression, and to explore how PRLs relate to lesion size and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective study of 60 RRMS patients with over 5 years of magnetic resonance imaging data was conducted using susceptibility-weighted angiography. Lesions larger than 100\u2005mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      were analysed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRLs were present in 48% of patients and represented 13% of lesions. PRLs were significantly larger and more structurally damaged, with volume correlating with EDSS change and brain atrophy. All lesions formed within 5 years of imaging were PRLs. This finding was validated in two independent international cohorts. Moreover, the proportion of rim-positive lesions decreased as lesion age increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRLs are closely linked to lesion age and early development, supporting their role as a dynamic biomarker of lesion activity in multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251378788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:27:33Z","timestamp":1758720453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The presence of a paramagnetic phase rim in multiple sclerosis is linked to lesion age: An exploratory 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