{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:00:28Z","timestamp":1793746828261,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n            Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) often experience significant functional limitation, high rates of disability, and cognitive impairment (CI). The objective of this study was evaluating the factors associated with CI in patients diagnosed with NMOSD in Mexico.\n            <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n            The study was cross-sectional in design. We included 65 NMOSD patients (34 NMOSD with CI and 31 NMOSD without CI). We utilized the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis to identify CI in NMOSD patients. Logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with CI.\n            <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n            Factors associated with CI in the crude analysis were education level (\u2a7d6 years of schooling; odds ratio (OR) 4.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41\u201313.52,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.010), disease duration (\u2a7e60 months; OR 8.22, 95% CI 2.68\u201325.20,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), time from onset to diagnosis (\u2a7e12 months; OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.21\u201311.31,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.022), brain lesion (on magnetic resonance imaging before azathioprine or rituximab; OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.20\u201310.00,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.022), and relapses by NMOSD diagnosis (\u2a7e4; OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.57\u201312.76,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.005). Factors associated with CI in the adjusted analyses were education (\u2a7d6 years; OR 5.92, 95% CI 1.57\u201322.23,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.008), disease duration (\u2a7e60 months; OR 5.73, 95% CI 1.69\u201319.40,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.005), and relapses by NMOSD diagnosis (\u2a7e4; OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.70\u201319.72,\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009=\u20090.005).\n            <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n            One of the biggest factors associated with CI was relapse by NMOSD, specifically those with lower education levels and those with longer disease duration.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251378801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T18:41:00Z","timestamp":1758307260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with cognitive impairment in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders from Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Edgar R.","family":"Valdivia-Tangarife","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Departamento de Salud Mental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Gonzalez-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Morlett-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad de California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jazmin","family":"Marquez-Pedroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresita","family":"Villase\u00f1or-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"O.P.D. Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge I.","family":"G\u00e1mez-Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Mireles-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurolog\u00eda, Unidad de Alta Especialidad M\u00e9dica, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayeli A.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurolog\u00eda, Unidad de Alta Especialidad M\u00e9dica, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Rocio","family":"Hernandez-Preciado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Filosoficas, Metodologicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francia","family":"Franco-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Licenciatura en Psicolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Mac\u00edas-Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515572406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70919-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1099376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a6cb5c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.P6.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a retrospective study using the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS)","author":"Lopes C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopes C, Sousa C, Fraga A, et al. Cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a retrospective study using the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS). Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023: 32: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516636246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173241231678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516685416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-315603"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","article-title":"The brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS): first consensus steps towards a brief universal cognitive assessment for MS","volume":"76","author":"Langdon D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langdon D, Amato M, Boringa J, et al. The brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS): first consensus steps towards a brief universal cognitive assessment for MS. Neurology 2011; 76: A479\u2013A479.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)","author":"Smith A","year":"1982","unstructured":"Smith A. Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). Manual (revised). Los Angeles.: Western Psychological Services, 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","volume-title":"California verbal learning test","author":"Delis Dc","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delis Dc, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, et al. California verbal learning test. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX, USA: Psychological Corporation, 2000.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","volume-title":"The brief visuospatial memory test revised (BVMT-R)","author":"Benedict R","year":"1997","unstructured":"Benedict R. The brief visuospatial memory test revised (BVMT-R). Lutz, FL, USA: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc., 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.608456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13030034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.958441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","first-page":"105381352513393","article-title":"Regression-based normative data for the Perri Spanish auditory verbal learning and memory test in early-to-midlife Mexican adults","author":"Villase\u00f1or-Cabrera TJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Villase\u00f1or-Cabrera TJ, Sanchez-Jacuinde KA, Jim\u00e9nez-Maldonado ME, et al. Regression-based normative data for the Perri Spanish auditory verbal learning and memory test in early-to-midlife Mexican adults. NeuroRehabilitation 2025; 0:10538135251339359.","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","first-page":"205521732513507","article-title":"A review of the validation of the brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis in Latin America","volume":"11","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Maldonado ME","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Maldonado ME, Valdivia-Tangarife ER, Mac\u00edas-Islas M\u00c1, et al. A review of the validation of the brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis in Latin America. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2025; 11: 20552173251350724.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173251378801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173251378801","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173251378801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T07:15:24Z","timestamp":1758611724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173251378801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173251378801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173251378801","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"article-number":"20552173251378801"}}