{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T21:20:06Z","timestamp":1765228806125,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual symptoms are common in people with multiple sclerosis. The revised 2024 McDonald criteria include the optic nerve as a fifth anatomical region, underscoring the need for specific diagnostics. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) are available, the extent of their routine pre-referral use is insufficiently documented. We evaluated pre-referral utilization and hypothesized that specific diagnostics are used less often than non-specific diagnostics and that differences are not explained by demographics alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective cross-sectional study of 305 patients referred for visual symptoms to a tertiary neuroimmunology clinic in Germany. Analyses focused on people with multiple sclerosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009112) and disease controls with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (pwNM;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In people with multiple sclerosis, only 6.2% received OCT and 33% VEP for their visual complaints, compared to unspecific diagnostics such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (58%) and lumbar puncture (42%) \u2013 independent of demographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pre-referral use of specific neurovisual tests in people with multiple sclerosis with visual symptoms was low relative to non-specific procedures. This suggests heterogeneous integration of neurovisual testing across care levels. In light of the revised McDonald Criteria 2024, prospective multicenter studies should examine implementation and clinical impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173251397772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T17:17:28Z","timestamp":1764955048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Barriers to care for people with unclear visual loss\u2014Data from a tertiary-level-of-care neuroinflammation center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0438-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Delikaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bereuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, 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