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Among the MS sample, higher levels of CDS were associated with higher depression (r = 0.64), insomnia (r\u2009=\u20090.34), fatigue (r\u2009=\u20090.53), and paresthesia (r\u2009=\u20090.28). Further, higher scores for depression, insomnia, and fatigue were independently associated with higher CDS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with MS experience greater CDS symptoms than healthy controls. Higher CDS scores were associated with depression, insomnia, fatigue, and paresthesia, which are typical of adults with MS. MS may contribute to or exacerbate CDS symptoms and be a potentially important target for further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261417443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T07:47:50Z","timestamp":1771228070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In multiple sclerosis, cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is associated with higher depression, insomnia, fatigue, and paresthesia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dena","family":"Sadeghi-Bahmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"},{"name":"The Wright Institute, Department of Clinical Psychology, Berkeley, CA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Leornard Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Meghrazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette B","family":"Br\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Health Institute, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran"},{"name":"Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology; 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