{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T23:06:23Z","timestamp":1779577583442,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly 85% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) present oligoclonal bands (OB) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Currently, it is proposed to quantify free light chains (FLC), as a potential alternative for the analysis of intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins (ISI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study FLC in CSF\/serum by qualitative\/quantitative methods, in comparison with the IEF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paired CSF\/serum samples from 81 patients with a medical request for OB by IEF were analyzed. The FLC index was calculated: CSF\/serum FLC quotient with reference to the albumin CSF\/serum concentration (\u03ba-Index and \u03bb-Index). To analyze the dimer-monomer patterns of FLC in CSF-serum, qualitative Western blot (WB) immunoassay was performed with anti-\u03ba and anti-\u03bb antisera.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cut-off limit was obtained for \u03ba-Index=20 and \u03bb-Index=17, sensitivity 70% and 28%; and specificity 95% and 92%, respectively. The WB was positive when a higher proportion of \u03ba-monomer (WB\u03ba) and\/or \u03bb-dimer (WB\u03bb) was observed in CSF versus serum. Sensitivity for WB\u03ba and WB\u03bb was 80% and 82% respectively, specificity of 93% for both. The combined use of \u03ba-Index&lt;20 and the presence of \u03ba-monomer and\/or \u03bb-dimer by WB increased the sensitivity to 100%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We propose analysis by WB when \u03ba-Index&lt;20, as an alternative algorithm to OB by IEF, for the investigation of ISI in CSF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261430132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T12:34:42Z","timestamp":1779280482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of an alternative algorithm to oligoclonal bands. Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Quantitative and Qualitative method"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Laura","family":"Facio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8529-4092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9282-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Bara\u03baian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5133-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta","family":"Viniegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Madalena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6972-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariel","family":"Alejandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Buenos Aires"},{"name":"Pavlovs\u03bay Hematology Center, Specialized Protein Analysis Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70274-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.6.865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509107007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2011.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Aplicaci\u00f3n de un m\u00e9todo in house para el estudio de la esclerosis m\u00faltiple","volume":"56","author":"Facio M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Facio M, Garc\u00eda M, Alejandre M, et al. Aplicaci\u00f3n de un m\u00e9todo in house para el estudio de la esclerosis m\u00faltiple. Acta Bioqu\u00edm Cl\u00edn Latinoam 2022; 56: 3\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Bioqu\u00edm Cl\u00edn Latinoam"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin \u039aappa light chain in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Senel M","unstructured":"Senel M, Tumani H, Lauda F, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin \u039aappa light chain in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Plos One | www.plosone.org April 2014; 9: e88680.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12457-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-022-00912-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-005-5371-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Free \u03baappa light chains in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomar\u03baer to assess ris\u03ba conversion to multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Men\u00e9ndez-Valladares P","unstructured":"Men\u00e9ndez-Valladares P, Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez M, Cuadri Ben\u00edtez P, et al. 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