{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T20:44:57Z","timestamp":1774817097238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meningoencephalitis can occur in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the clinical and radiologic features of MOG-IgG meningoencephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter retrospective cases series of MOG-IgG meningoencephalitis and literature review of MOG-IgG-positive patients with the clinical syndrome of meningoencephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety MOG-IgG-positive patients were identified from three academic medicine centers. 8\/90 (8.9%) patients presented with a clinical syndrome of meningoencephalitis (age: 4\u201357 years; 5\/8 male; 4\/8 Caucasian; MOG-IgG titers 1:20\u20131:1000), which was the initial presentation in 7\/8 patients. Symptoms included headaches (n\u2009=\u20098\/8), encephalopathy (n\u2009=\u20097\/8), seizures (n\u2009=\u20094\/8), meningismus (n\u2009=\u20093\/8), and aphasia (n\u2009=\u20093\/8). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in 7\/8 patients (12\u20131745 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and frequently neutrophilic (&gt;25%; n\u2009=\u20094\/6). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was notable for leptomeningeal enhancement with (n\u2009=\u20095\/8) or without cortical edema (n\u2009=\u20091\/8), focal dural enhancement (n\u2009=\u20091\/8), and leptomeningeal loss of FLAIR suppression (n\u2009=\u20091\/8). 7\/8 patients sustained a relapsing disease course. Literature review identified 150 additional cases with MOG-IgG meningoencephalitis (initial attack in 86.7%) with median age of 20 (1\u201367) years, Asian (90.4%) and male (54.1%) predilection, and CSF pleocytosis in 87.9% of patients (82 [0\u2013887] cells\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; \u2265100 cells in 44.3%), which was frequently (51.7%) neutrophilic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MOG-IgG meningoencephalitis may represent the initial presentation of MOGAD with neutrophilic pleocytosis in CSF and meningo-cortical involvement on MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  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