{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:39:30Z","timestamp":1774003170086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) causes early, rapid accumulation of disability with frequent and severe relapses, incomplete recovery from relapses, and\/or high T2 lesion burden. Severe relapses are typically treated with high-dose IV corticosteroids followed by plasmapheresis. Patients who do not respond to initial treatment lack universally accepted second-line options. Cyclophosphamide is used in clinical practice for MS patients that do not respond to initial relapse therapy. Despite its use, there is no conclusive data demonstrating its efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the UBC MS clinic experience in using cyclophosphamide as a rescue therapy for MS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened the UBC MS Clinic pharmacy database to identify MS patients followed at the UBC MS clinic that received cyclophosphamide between June 2009 and June 2024 for retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median EDSS score prior to cyclophosphamide therapy was 6 (range 2.5\u20139). Thirteen out of 23 patients had an improvement in EDSS, including 6\/23 with a \u22653 EDSS numerical improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rescue cyclophosphamide treatment was associated with improvement in EDSS in MS patients with a relapsing course. Despite the availability of high-efficacy DMTs, this cohort shows there may be a role for cyclophosphamide in the context of severe relapses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261432390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T08:19:21Z","timestamp":1773821961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rescue cyclophosphamide for severe multiple sclerosis relapses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8354-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad C","family":"Bibic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2209-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Tulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Devonshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-1715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Schabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520925369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0160-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms978sr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000128136.79044.D6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458502ms790oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93389-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.12.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8345737"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173261432390","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173261432390","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173261432390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:16:19Z","timestamp":1773994579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173261432390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173261432390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173261432390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"20552173261432390"}}