{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:33:17Z","timestamp":1790451197004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine at Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocyte marker increasingly recognized as a biomarker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). While highly sensitive assays are available, cross-platform harmonization remains insufficient, limiting routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare three fully automated GFAP assays, assess their analytical agreement and clinical performance across MS subtypes and healthy controls, and evaluate cross-platform conversion approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples from 435 individuals (298 healthy controls, 51 relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS), 41 primary\/secondary progressive MS (PPMS\/SPMS)) were analyzed using three automated platforms: Simoa HD-X (Quanterix), Elecsys (Roche), and Lumipulse G600 (Fujirebio). Correlation analyses, Passing\u2013Bablok regression, and Lin's concordance coefficients were applied. Published regression formulas were compared with study-derived equations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Strong correlations were observed across all platforms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.90 with outliers;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.95 without;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), though minor systematic biases were detected. Progressive MS patients showed significantly higher GFAP concentrations than RRMS and controls. Conversion to a single-platform scale improved agreement, but regression formulas differed substantially from previously published equations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum GFAP measurements demonstrate high clinical comparability across automated platforms despite systematic differences in absolute values. Robust harmonization strategies and externally validated conversion models are required before broad implementation in routine MS diagnostics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261460155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:52:56Z","timestamp":1784037176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-platform comparison of blood glial fibrillary acidic protein quantification in healthy controls and multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3193-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Ladwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Torge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Kristin","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Schlapkohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2199-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klarissa Hanja","family":"St\u00fcrner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Wandinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Markewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Ziemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven Ole","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Piel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Leypoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4114-3748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Dargvainiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.5250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5863-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2018.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.604119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-1480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1682198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelhak A Huss A Kassubek J et al. Serum GFAP as a biomarker for disease severity in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2018;8. 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