{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:50:08Z","timestamp":1787730608893,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001009","name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interpretation of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in blood requires reference ranges from healthy cohorts, accounting for demographic features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare serum and plasma NfL and GFAP in healthy individuals, accounting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents through older adults were recruited at Colorado community events and a senior clinic. A neurologist reviewed self-reported medical histories. Paired serum and EDTA plasma samples were assayed using the Quanterix SR-X Simoa Neuro 4-Plex. Log-linear models estimated percent change per year of age, per BMI unit, and sex ratios. GFAP used a piecewise age model (knot at 30 years). Spearman correlation assessed serum\u2013plasma concordance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 143 participants (ages = 16.4\u201385.9; 63.6% female; mean BMI = 26.7). Serum\u2013plasma correlations were strong (NfL\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.923; GFAP\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.833; both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In plasma, age was associated with a 2.96% increase in NfL and 2.34% in GFAP per year for ages \u226530. In serum, NfL rose 2.90% and GFAP 2.69% per year (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NfL and GFAP are strongly age-dependent and concordant across serum and plasma in healthy individuals. An online calculator provides age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted reference estimates and serum\/plasma conversions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261466440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:36:02Z","timestamp":1784633762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing demographic-based normative values for neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum and plasma samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6679-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler L","family":"Borko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine"},{"name":"Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ, 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