{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T01:26:42Z","timestamp":1793582802702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reliable biomarkers of inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed to complement clinical and MRI assessments. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising candidates due to their serum stability and involvement in MS-related biological pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether selected serum miRNAs can discriminate relapse from remission in treatment-naive patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective paired study, newly diagnosed, untreated RRMS patients were sampled during clinical relapse and subsequent remission. A targeted miRNA panel was quantified using quantitative PCR. Differential expressions were assessed using paired statistical testing with multiple comparison correction. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using ROC analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty patients (40 paired samples) were included. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed between relapse and remission after Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction. hsa-miR-122-5p showed the largest fold change (fold change = 3.0; adjusted\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043). A three-miRNA panel (hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30e-5p) demonstrated high discriminative accuracy (area under the curve = 0.88; 95% CI 0.79\u20130.96). Pathway analysis highlighted inflammatory, metabolic, and hypoxia-related processes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating miRNAs distinguished relapse from remission in treatment-naive RRMS patients, suggesting their potential as complementary biomarkers of disease activity. These findings should be considered exploratory and require validation in an independent, larger cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261471723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1784813779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating microRNA expression profiles as biomarkers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ifat","family":"Vigiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Zeevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Piura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assuta Medical Center"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Golan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnon","family":"Karni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4556-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keren","family":"Regev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"CSF Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: beyond neuroinflammation","volume":"7","author":"Toscano S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toscano S, Patti F. 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