{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1786944299316,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotype transitions are challenging to characterize. Our understanding of their predictors is also limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the transition between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) within the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of MS at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included adult people with MS having \u226510-year follow-up data who were classified as RRMS, primary progressive MS, and SPMS (active SPMS [aSPMS]: with relapse; nonrelapsing SPMS [nrSPMS]: no relapses within 2-year pre-index). Demographics, disability scores, and transition predictors were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety-seven of 565 people with RRMS (17.2%) transitioned to SPMS, of whom 92.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200990\/97) were classified as nrSPMS by the final visit. People with RRMS who transitioned to nrSPMS were older (mean age, 53.1 vs. 45.4 years;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and took longer time to transition (mean, 13.0 vs. 7.8 years;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those who transitioned to aSPMS. Older age at MS onset and a high number of disease-modifying therapy switches were significantly associated with a shorter time-to-nrSPMS transition (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a comprehensive characterization of MS phenotype transitions, that may enhance clinical decision-making and therapeutic targeting of underlying pathophysiology driving disability in progressive MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552173261473717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:11:21Z","timestamp":1786630281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns and predictors of transition between multiple sclerosis phenotypes: A longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5204-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gauruv","family":"Bose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nupur","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Farnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanuja","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF). Atlas of MS https:\/\/www.atlasofms.org\/map\/global\/epidemiology\/number-of-people-with-ms (2023 accessed 20 October 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic. Multiple sclerosis https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/multiple-sclerosis\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20350269 (2024 accessed 29 December 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/understanding-ms\/what-is-ms\/types-of-ms\/relapse-remitting-ms (2024 accessed 19 July 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512463764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","volume-title":"Mayzent (package insert)","author":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","year":"2022","unstructured":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Mayzent (package insert). Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00532-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis Association of America (MSAA). Types of multiple sclerosis https:\/\/mymsaa.org\/ms-information\/overview\/types\/ (2023 accessed 24 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1543649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0530-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bose G Greene N Healy BC et al. Patterns and predictors of multiple sclerosis phenotype transitions: a longitudinal analysis using the CLIMB study. In: American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting Boston MA USA 22\u201327 April 2023 abstract P5-3.018 p.2936.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000202901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2019-0024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00289-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S132079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.100977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12621-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.931014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200416"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental, Translational and Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173261473717","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20552173261473717","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20552173261473717","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:46:37Z","timestamp":1786941997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20552173261473717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20552173261473717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20552173261473717","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2173","2055-2173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2173","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2173","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"20552173261473717"}}