{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:02:29Z","timestamp":1792015349874,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This feasibility study investigated the effect of combined upper and lower limb functional electrical stimulation (FES) to reduce bradykinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven people with PD and Hoehn and Yahr score 2\u20133 used FES to assist dorsiflexion and hand opening or fine hand movements for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were the nine-hole peg test, box and block test, 10\u2009m walking test, Tinetti balance scale, modified Parkinson\u2019s disease quality of life questionnaire (PDQL), SPES\/SCOPA scale, and compliance. All tests were carried out without FES. Comparisons were tested using the Student paired t-test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two participants dropped out due to difficulty in using the equipment. Mean walking speed increased by 0.29\u2009m s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ( p\u2009=\u20090.002), step length by 0.09\u2009m ( p\u2009=\u20090.007), and cadence by 19.8 steps min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ( p\u2009=\u20090.045). Tinetti balance score increased by 2.9 ( p\u2009=\u20090.006). There was an increase in the box and block test of 5.1 ( p\u2009=\u20090.025). The PD symptoms score of the PDQL improved by 4.9 ( p\u2009=\u20090.013) and a reduction in SPES\/SCOPA score of 5.7 ( p\u2009=\u20090.005) indicated a reduced impact of PD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FES produced clinically meaningful improvements in gait and upper limb function. Some participants found using both interventions challenging and we would recommend that their introduction be staggered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668315607836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T21:33:12Z","timestamp":1445895192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Functional electrical stimulation may reduce bradykinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Livia","family":"Popa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Clinical FES Centre, Salisbury District Hospital, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Clinical FES Centre, Salisbury District Hospital, 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