{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:21:18Z","timestamp":1777864878422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001825","name":"Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People who are born with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita are typically not able to perform activities of daily living (ADL) due to decreased muscle mass, joint contractures and unnatural upper extremity positioning. They are, therefore, potential users of an assistive device capable of aiding in ADL and increasing their independence. A passive orthosis can support the weight of their arm against gravity, allowing them to perform movements with less effort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents a prototype design with four degrees-of-freedom that uses musculoskeletal modelling to optimize the stiffness of the springs in the device to partially gravity balance the upper extremity while compensating for the usual internally rotated glenohumeral joint. A single subject-specific musculoskeletal model was developed to simulate the effects of the passive orthosis during 10 static postures during ADL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For a given configuration using a mono- and a bi-articular spring, the simulations showed that spring stiffnesses of 400\u2009Nm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and of 1029\u2009Nm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively, were able to lower the maximal muscle activity estimated by the musculoskeletal model to a level in which the 10 postures can be realized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By augmenting residual muscle strength with a partially gravity-balanced passive orthosis, ADLs may be achievable for people with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668318761525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T03:50:03Z","timestamp":1519876203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and simulation of a passive upper extremity orthosis for amyoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Erik F","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Raunsb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan N","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours\/Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel N","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-3"},{"key":"bibr2-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36395"},{"key":"bibr3-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.57578"},{"key":"bibr4-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00281"},{"key":"bibr5-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200211000-00006"},{"key":"bibr6-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-015-0689-1"},{"key":"bibr7-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.04.0070"},{"key":"bibr8-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181cda0cf"},{"key":"bibr9-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7504-1_23"},{"key":"bibr10-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.03.008"},{"key":"bibr11-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01174"},{"key":"bibr12-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B6.15506"},{"key":"bibr13-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunning AG and Herder JL. A review of assistive devices for arm balancing. In:\n                      IEEE\n                      International\n                      conference on rehabilitation robotics\n                      , Seattle, WA, USA, 24\u201324 June 2013, pp.1\u20136. Available at: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6650485\/ (accessed 15 February 2018).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2013.6650485"},{"key":"bibr14-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31387"},{"key":"bibr15-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2006.882928"},{"key":"bibr16-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-12-1","volume":"12","author":"Kooren PN","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"bibr17-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2010.08.003"},{"key":"bibr18-2055668318761525","unstructured":"Lustig MP, Dunning AG and Herder JL. Parameter analysis for the design of statically balanced serial linkages using a stiffness matrix approach with Cartesian coordinates. In:\n                      14th IFToMM world congress\n                      , Taipei, Taiwan, 25\u201330 October 2015, pp.122\u2013129. Available at: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/286780292 (accessed 15 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr19-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunning AG and Herder JL. A close-to-body 3-spring configuration for gravity balancing of the arm. In:\n                      International conference on rehabilitation robotics (ICORR)\n                      , Nanyang, Singapore, 11\u201314 August 2015, pp.464\u2013469. Available at: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7281243\/ (accessed 15 February 2018).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2015.7281243"},{"key":"bibr20-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.05.030"},{"key":"bibr21-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90294-W"},{"key":"bibr22-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90270-B"},{"key":"bibr23-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00011-0"},{"key":"bibr24-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840903067080"},{"key":"bibr25-2055668318761525","unstructured":"Rasmussen J, De Zee M, Damsgaard M, et\u00a0al. A general method for scaling musculo-skeletal models. In:\n                      10th\n                      International\n                      symposium on computer simulation in biomechanics\n                      , Cleveland, OH, USA, 28\u201330 July 2005, pp.1\u20132. Available at: http:\/\/vbn.aau.dk\/en\/publications\/a-general-method-for-scaling-musculoskeletal-models(1d822890-b6a5-11db-8b72-000ea68e967b).html (accessed 15 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr26-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2006.09.001"},{"key":"bibr27-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00191-3"},{"key":"bibr28-2055668318761525","unstructured":"Rosen J, Perry JC, Manning N, et\u00a0al. The human arm kinematics and dynamics during daily activities \u2013 toward a 7 DOF upper limb powered exoskeleton. In:\n                      IEEE 12th International\n                      conference on advanced robotics\n                      , Seattle, WA, USA, 17\u201320 July 2005, pp.532\u2013539. Available at: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1507460\/ (accessed 15 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr29-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840802459412"},{"key":"bibr30-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/962956"},{"key":"bibr31-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.05.0044"},{"key":"bibr32-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.897026"},{"key":"bibr33-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1996_210_420_02"},{"key":"bibr34-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4173\/mic.2015.3.4"},{"key":"bibr35-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1938.0050"},{"key":"bibr36-2055668318761525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1540105"},{"key":"bibr37-2055668318761525","unstructured":"Castro MN, Rasmussen J, Bai S, et\u00a0al. On model validation using the reachable 3d space. In:\n                      15th International\n                      symposium computer methods in biomechanics\n                      , Edinburgh, UK, 9\u201311 July 2015, pp.1\u20132. Available at: http:\/\/vbn.aau.dk\/files\/209330397\/ISCSB2015_On_model_validation_using_reachable_3d_space_FiNAL.pdf (accessed 15 February. 2018)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055668318761525","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2055668318761525","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055668318761525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:50:14Z","timestamp":1777528214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2055668318761525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2055668318761525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055668318761525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6683","2055-6683"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6683","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-6683","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"article-number":"2055668318761525"}}