{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:25:59Z","timestamp":1784823959619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000381","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["968\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["968\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tremor is a disabling symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The development of objective methods of tremor characterisation to assess intervention efficacy and disease progression is therefore important. The possibility of using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method for tremor detection was explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acceleration from a wrist-worn device was analysed using FFTs to identify and characterise tremor magnitude and frequency. Processing parameters were explored to provide insight into the optimal algorithm. Participants wore a wrist tri-axial accelerometer during 9 tasks. The FAHN clinical assessment of tremor was used as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five people with MS and tremor (57.6\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3\u2009years, 3\u2009F\/2M) and ten disease-free controls (42.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years, 5\u2009M\/5F) took part. Using specific algorithm settings tremor identification was possible (peak frequency 3\u201315Hz; magnitude greater than 0.06\u2009g; 2\u2009s windows with 50% overlap; using 2 of 3 axes of acceleration), giving sensitivity 0.974 and specificity 0.971 (38 tremor occurrences out of 108 tasks, 1 false positive, 2 false negatives). Tremor had frequency 3.5\u201313.0\u2009Hz and amplitude 0.07\u20132.60g.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper limb tremor in people with MS can be detected using a FFT approach based on acceleration recorded at the wrist, demonstrating the possibility of using this minimally encumbering technique within clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668320966955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T23:29:29Z","timestamp":1612826969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantifying upper limb tremor in people with multiple sclerosis using Fast Fourier Transform based analysis of wrist accelerometer signals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Teufl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Grant Rehabilitation Centre, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0855-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederike","family":"van Wijck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Stansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2055668320966955","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, 2014. Atlas of MS 2013, London, www.msif.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Atlas-of-MS (accessed December 2019)."},{"key":"bibr2-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0296-7"},{"key":"bibr3-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labiano-Fontcuberta A, Benito-Le\u00f3n J. Understanding tremor in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, pathological anatomy, and pharmacological and surgical approaches to treatment. In: Louis E (ed.) Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements, 2(0):tre-02-109-765-2, 2012.","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.109"},{"key":"bibr4-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/J003v17n03_06"},{"key":"bibr5-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.4.720"},{"key":"bibr6-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20227"},{"key":"bibr7-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006714"},{"key":"bibr8-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.2.131"},{"key":"bibr9-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870131303","volume":"13","author":"Deuschl G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"bibr10-2055668320966955","volume-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and movement disorders: Clinical rating scale for tremor","author":"Fahn S","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr11-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90174-5"},{"key":"bibr12-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.04.017"},{"key":"bibr13-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0712-2"},{"key":"bibr14-2055668320966955","unstructured":"Ketteringham L, Neild S, Hyde R, et\u00a0al. Measuring intention tremor in multiple sclerosis using inertial measurement unit (IMU) devices. In:\n                      Proceedings of the international conference on biomedical electronics and devices\n                      (BIODEVICES-2011)\n                      , Rome, Italy, 26-29 January 2011; 04\u2013211."},{"key":"bibr15-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22445"},{"key":"bibr16-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.09.009"},{"key":"bibr17-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.044305"},{"key":"bibr18-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.3.579"},{"key":"bibr19-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.12.016"},{"key":"bibr20-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00146"},{"key":"bibr21-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022617726259"},{"key":"bibr22-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-198112000-00001"},{"key":"bibr23-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr832oa"},{"key":"bibr24-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(08)70032-4"},{"key":"bibr25-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.108576"},{"key":"bibr26-2055668320966955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.09.013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055668320966955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2055668320966955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055668320966955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:50:34Z","timestamp":1777528234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2055668320966955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2055668320966955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055668320966955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6683","2055-6683"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6683","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-6683","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"2055668320966955"}}