{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1777864864979,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25NS083064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25NS083064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#90REGE0001-02-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#90REGE0001-02-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APC-GM-00068, SPANS-037, APC-GM-0107, FY19-A01-6024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APC-GM-00068, SPANS-037, APC-GM-0107, FY19-A01-6024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Minimizing repetitive strain (RS) is a key recommendation from clinical practice guidelines for preservation of upper limb. Propulsion force, which is required to overcome wheel rolling resistance (RR), is a major source of RS. A drum-based RR test method has been developed but has not been directly validated against propulsion forces. A previous validation study compared Drum versus treadmill RR, with excellent consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94) and accuracy.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Drum RR system estimates (N = 192) were compared to SmartWheel RR measurements and resultant force (Fres) for multiple wheelchair setups and surfaces. We hypothesized that Drum RR will consistently predict SmartWheel RR and Fres based on ICC and accuracy based on Bland Altman limits of agreement (LOA) and coefficient of determination (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    RR ICC = 0.966, 95%CI [0.955-0.975], mean difference between methods (4.2\u00a0N), and LOA [+\/\u22125.5\u00a0N], which varied by surface. Drum RR explained 88% (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of SmartWheel RR variability. Drum RR prediction of Fres ICC = 0.83, 95%CI [0.77-0.87], explaining 60% of variability.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Drum RR consistently predicts SmartWheel RR with excellent reliability and reasonable accuracy, and predicts Fres with good reliability and reasonable accuracy, reinforcing the validity of Drum RR for predicting system-level RR, and use guiding wheel selection to reduce RS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20556683251374919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T15:38:37Z","timestamp":1756913917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Drum rolling resistance consistently predicts SmartWheel rolling resistance and resultant force for manual wheelchair wheels and casters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Wilson-Jene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Pearlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400430903501413"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Upper extremity pain in the post-rehabilitation spinal cord injured patient","volume":"73","author":"Sie IH","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sie IH, Waters RL, Adkins RH, et al. Upper extremity pain in the post-rehabilitation spinal cord injured patient. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73(1): 44\u201348.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90285-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2005.11753844"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.1985.07.0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668320980300"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649109164272"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.02.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","first-page":"753165","article-title":"Manual wheelchair use: bouts of mobility in everyday life","volume":"2012","author":"Sonenblum SE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sonenblum SE, Sprigle S, Lopez RA. Manual wheelchair use: bouts of mobility in everyday life. In: Rehabil Res Pract. 2012; 2012: 753165.","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.10.0137"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(89)90040-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","volume-title":"Exploring the relationship of rolling resistance and misalignment angle in wheelchair rear wheels","author":"Vander Wiel J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vander Wiel J, Harris B, Jackson C, et al. Exploring the relationship of rolling resistance and misalignment angle in wheelchair rear wheels. RESNA, 2016, vol 12."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2023.2239297"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668320907819"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO.2014.7020996"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1815088"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2019.1697907"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446151"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90082-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","first-page":"405","volume-title":"XXI international Polish-Slovak conference \u201cmachine modeling and simulations 2016\u201d","author":"Wieczorek B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wieczorek B, Gorecki J, Kukla M, et al. The analytical method of determining the center of gravity of a person propelling a manual wheelchair. In XXI international Polish-Slovak conference \u201cmachine modeling and simulations 2016\u201d. Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland: Elsevier, 2016, pp. 405\u2013410."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","volume-title":"SmartWheel user\u2019s guide","author":"Three Rivers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Three Rivers. SmartWheel user\u2019s guide. Mesa, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.250587"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640903082126"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.08.0103"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90043-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/S0003-9993(03)00282-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20556683231180877"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-200285"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2387-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","volume-title":"The design, development, characterization, and validation of a pathway measurement tool (PATHMET)","author":"Sinagra EJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinagra EJ. The design, development, characterization, and validation of a pathway measurement tool (PATHMET). Masters Thesis, [Masters Thesis]. University of Pittsburgh, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","volume-title":"An investigation of wheelchair pathway roughness index of clay pavers","author":"Sinagra EJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinagra EJ. An investigation of wheelchair pathway roughness index of clay pavers. PathVu, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Methods for determining three-dimensional wheelchair pushrim forces and moments: a technical note","volume":"34","author":"Cooper RA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper RA, Robertson RN, VanSickle DP, et al. Methods for determining three-dimensional wheelchair pushrim forces and moments: a technical note. J Rehabil Res Dev 1997; 34: 162\u2013170.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.08.0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","volume-title":"An introduction to statistical concepts","author":"Lomax RG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lomax RG, Hahs-Vaughn DL. An introduction to statistical concepts. 3rd ed. Taylor & Francis, 2012.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research, applications to practice","author":"Portney LG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research, applications to practice. 3rd ed. F. A. Davis Company, 2015.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037908"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1127514"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167174"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2015.1039149"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","volume-title":"Identifying and measuring factors that impact manual wheelchair rolling resistance","author":"Ott J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ott J. Identifying and measuring factors that impact manual wheelchair rolling resistance. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668316649892"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","unstructured":"GoodYear. Tire contact patch. https:\/\/www.goodyear.com\/en_US\/learn\/tire-basics\/tire-contact-patch.html. 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","volume-title":"A handbook for the rolling resistance of pneumatic tires","author":"Clark SK","year":"1979","unstructured":"Clark SK, Dodge RN. A handbook for the rolling resistance of pneumatic tires. University of Michigan, 1979."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.593279"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20556683251336184"}],"container-title":["Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20556683251374919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20556683251374919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20556683251374919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20556683251374919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:49:59Z","timestamp":1777528199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20556683251374919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20556683251374919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20556683251374919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6683","2055-6683"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6683","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-6683","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"article-number":"20556683251374919"}}