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Topical therapies allow the treatment of a whole area of affected skin and currently include diclofenac sodium gel, 5-fluorouracil cream, 5-fluorouracil and acetylsalicylic acid solution, imiquimod cream, and ingenol mebutate gel. Due to the comparable efficacy of 3% diclofenac, ingenol mebutate, and 3.75% imiquimod in treating AK multiple lesions, a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of cost-effectiveness of the three treatments was needed. A cost-efficacy analysis comparing 3% diclofenac sodium with ingenol mebutate and 3.75% imiquimod was performed. In this analysis, efficacy data were combined with quality-of-life measurement derived from previous studies as well as the costs associated with the management of these lesions in Italy. Patients\u2019 demographics and clinical characteristics were assumed to reflect those from the clinical studies considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738418757925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1518607371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cost-efficacy analysis of 3% diclofenac sodium, ingenol mebutate, and 3.75% imiquimod in the treatment of actinic keratosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Del Duca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Torchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interregional Research Center For Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Gliozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interregional Research Center For Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Bottoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Muscoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"bibr1-2058738418757925","first-page":"2069","volume-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","volume":"29","author":"Werner RN","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-2058738418757925","first-page":"3","author":"Stockfleth E","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"bibr3-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.5.723"},{"key":"bibr4-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.40"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr5-2058738418757925","first-page":"651","volume":"18","author":"Stockfleth E","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"bibr6-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111170"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5070\/D34VW339W4","volume":"10","author":"Navi D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatology Online Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr8-2058738418757925","first-page":"401","volume":"3","author":"Nelson C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr9-2058738418757925","first-page":"20","volume":"2","author":"Nelson C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"bibr10-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2010.1010"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr11-2058738418757925","first-page":"166","volume":"13","author":"Swanson N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"bibr12-2058738418757925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11538670-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr13-2058738418757925","unstructured":"Nomenclatore tariffario dell\u2019assistenza specialistica ambulatoriale, 8 April 2013. 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