{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1777712303547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of vitamin D (VD) combined with interferon (IFN) type I (IFN-\u03b1) on mice with hepatitis B and to explore the possible mechanism. The mice were divided into control group, model group, IFN-\u03b1 group, and IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD group. After 4\u2009weeks, the mice of four groups were weighed, and the thymus and spleen indexes were calculated. The activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the serum was detected while pathological changes of the liver were observed. The levels of interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation of spleen lymphocytes was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the level of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in peripheral blood. The levels of ALT and AST in serum were significantly lower in the IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD group than those in the IFN-\u03b1 group, but the thymus and spleen indexes were significantly higher. Although both IFN-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD can improve the damaged structure of live tissue, IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD achieved higher efficacy than IFN-\u03b1 alone. The serum IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-2 levels were lower in the IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD group compared with the IFN-\u03b1 group, and no significant difference was found in IL-4. Compared with the IFN-\u03b1 group, the percentage of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and the D4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio were significantly increased, but the percentage of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    was reduced. The proliferation rate of splenic lymphocytes was higher in the IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD group compared with the IFN-\u03b1 group. IFN-\u03b1\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009VD was found to achieve higher efficacy than IFN-\u03b1 alone for the treatment of hepatitis B in mice, possibly through increasing the immune level of mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738418775250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T05:29:55Z","timestamp":1525930195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Therapeutic and immune function improvement of vitamin D combined with IFN-\u03b1 on mouse with hepatitis B infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Weihai City Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruohui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22330-8_9"},{"key":"bibr2-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.013"},{"key":"bibr3-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15788"},{"key":"bibr4-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405880-4.00005-6"},{"key":"bibr5-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.007"},{"key":"bibr6-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.06.015"},{"key":"bibr7-2058738418775250","first-page":"658","volume":"30","author":"Baker JF","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"bibr8-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26488"},{"key":"bibr9-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02844-06"},{"key":"bibr10-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58847"},{"key":"bibr11-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.057"},{"key":"bibr12-2058738418775250","first-page":"236","volume":"9","author":"Darwich L","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"key":"bibr13-2058738418775250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-0070-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2058738418775250","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2058738418775250","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2058738418775250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:04:56Z","timestamp":1777457096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2058738418775250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2058738418775250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2058738418775250","relation":{},"ISSN":["0394-6320","2058-7384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0394-6320","type":"print"},{"value":"2058-7384","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"article-number":"2058738418775250"}}