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The first group of normal rats was divided into three subgroups: (A) \u2013 control group, (B) \u2013 treated with camel milk (CAM; 2 mL\/p.o) and (C) \u2013 treated with leptin (1000 \u00b5g\/kg i.p) twice daily. The second group of autistic rats was randomly distributed into four subgroups as follows: (D) \u2013 positive control (autistics rats), (E) \u2013 treated with CAM, (F) \u2013 treated with a moderate dose of leptin and (G) \u2013 treated with a higher dose of leptin. Autistic behaviours of male offspring were checked by grooming and elevated pulz maze tests. Valproic acid (VPA)-induced autistic rats showed severe changes in oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters and inflammatory cytokines, besides genotoxic manifestation of expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, Bax and caspase-3. Leptin or CAM alone showed no signs of toxicity. CAM showed pronounced improvement in control rats than control itself. Leptin or CAM treatment of autistic animals showed a significant improvement of all measured parameters and genetic expression values. The improvement was pronounced in animals treated with CAM. These results suggest that CAM is a potential therapeutic candidate for autism via regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Leptin plays an essential role in alleviation of autistic behaviour through antioxidant effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738418785514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T09:58:52Z","timestamp":1531475932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Leptin and camel milk abate oxidative stress status, genotoxicity induced in valproic acid rat model of autism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9018-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A","family":"Hamzawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin B","family":"El-Ghandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Department, Faculty Oral and 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