{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:59:20Z","timestamp":1777712360710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers, caused gingival overgrowth. One of the main drugs associated with the gingival overgrowth is the anti-epileptic such as phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. In our study, we evaluate the effect of phenytoin, a drug whose active substance is phenytoin, on gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers. Gene expression of 29 genes was investigated in gingival fibroblasts\u2019 cell culture treated with phenytoin compared with untreated cells. Among the studied genes, only 13 genes (CXCL5, CXCL10, CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-7, IL-6R, BMP-2, and TNFSF-10) were statistically significant. All but one gene resulted downregulated after 24\u2009h of treatment with phenytoin. BPM2 was the only, although weakly, up-expressed gene. Probably, we have not highlighted overexpression of the other inflammatory molecules because the study was performed on healthy people. Many studies show that phenytoin induces the overexpression of these cytokines but, probably, in our study, the drug does not have the same effect because we used gingival fibroblasts of healthy people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419828259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T07:23:01Z","timestamp":1572420181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phenytoin and gingival mucosa: A molecular investigation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Candotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furio","family":"Pezzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Baj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Beltramini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3550-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorina","family":"Lauritano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2058738419828259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1424"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr2-2058738419828259","first-page":"263","volume":"64","author":"Desai P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental 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