{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:21:06Z","timestamp":1791613266082,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by clinical polymorphism, with classic, asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic, and extra-intestinal forms, which may lead to diagnostic delay and exposure to serious complications. CD is a multidisciplinary health concern involving general medicine, pediatric, and adult gastroenterology, among other disciplines. Immunology and pathology laboratories have a fundamental role in diagnosing and monitoring CD. The diagnosis consists of serological testing based on IgA anti-transglutaminase (TG2) antibodies combined with IgA quantification to rule out IgA deficiency, a potential misleading factor of CD diagnosis. Positive TG2 serology should be corroborated by anti-endomysium antibody testing before considering an intestinal biopsy. Owing to multiple differential diagnoses, celiac disease cannot be confirmed based on serological positivity alone, nor on isolated villous atrophy. In children with classical signs or even when asymptomatic, with high levels of CD-linked markers and positive HLA DQ2 and\/or DQ8 molecules, the current trend is to confirm the diagnosis on basis of the non-systematic use of the biopsy, which remains obligatory in adults. The main challenge in managing CD is the implementation and compliance with a gluten-free diet (GFD). This explains the key role of the dietitian and the active participation of patients and their families throughout the disease-management process. The presence of the gluten in several forms of medicine requires the sensitization of physicians when prescribing, and particularly when dispensing gluten-containing formulations by pharmacists. This underlines the importance of the contribution of the pharmacist in the care of patients with CD within the framework of close collaboration with physicians and nutritionists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20587384211008709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T06:55:55Z","timestamp":1618988155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Celiac disease: Understandings in diagnostic, nutritional, and medicinal aspects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Taoufik","family":"Ben Houmich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3255-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahim","family":"Admou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco"},{"name":"Bioscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2011.03.013"},{"key":"bibr2-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0"},{"key":"bibr3-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2009.04.009"},{"key":"bibr4-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-2-294-70435-2.00005-9"},{"key":"bibr5-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-035X(18)30022-4"},{"key":"bibr6-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113994"},{"key":"bibr7-20587384211008709","first-page":"1584","volume":"9","author":"Godat S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9dicale Suisse"},{"key":"bibr8-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.214"},{"key":"bibr9-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2003.10.001"},{"key":"bibr10-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003015"},{"key":"bibr11-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2011.03.004"},{"key":"bibr12-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.12.021"},{"key":"bibr13-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31827b7f64"},{"key":"bibr14-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8"},{"key":"bibr15-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.505931"},{"key":"bibr16-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82023-8"},{"key":"bibr17-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6865917"},{"key":"bibr18-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i42.6036"},{"key":"bibr19-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1079645"},{"key":"bibr20-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7895207"},{"key":"bibr21-20587384211008709","first-page":"11","volume":"89","author":"Minelli R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomedica"},{"key":"bibr22-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23624"},{"key":"bibr23-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i7.264"},{"key":"bibr24-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070892"},{"key":"bibr25-20587384211008709","first-page":"723","volume":"24","author":"Najafi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr26-20587384211008709","first-page":"341","volume":"90","author":"De Sanctis V","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"bibr27-20587384211008709","first-page":"226","volume":"7","author":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nothern Clinics Of Istanbul"},{"key":"bibr28-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06352-w"},{"key":"bibr29-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.014"},{"key":"bibr30-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.016"},{"key":"bibr31-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03502.x"},{"key":"bibr32-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.030"},{"key":"bibr33-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.018"},{"key":"bibr34-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.08.044"},{"key":"bibr35-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200501000-00001"},{"key":"bibr36-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(08)71811-6"},{"key":"bibr37-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.015"},{"key":"bibr38-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000656"},{"key":"bibr39-20587384211008709","first-page":"38","volume":"62","author":"Rashid M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr40-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.044"},{"key":"bibr41-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2009.02.020"},{"key":"bibr42-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.018"},{"key":"bibr43-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.12.015"},{"key":"bibr44-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.09.016"},{"key":"bibr45-20587384211008709","first-page":"h3447","volume":"351","author":"Lebwohl B","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr46-20587384211008709","first-page":"78","volume":"16","author":"Ehsani-Ardakani MJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian Medicine"},{"key":"bibr47-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(01)80090-7"},{"key":"bibr48-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i18.2740"},{"key":"bibr49-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12078"},{"key":"bibr50-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/637187"},{"key":"bibr51-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.012"},{"key":"bibr52-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31827a6f83"},{"key":"bibr53-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-035X(14)72593-6"},{"key":"bibr54-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.035832"},{"key":"bibr55-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181c378f6"},{"key":"bibr56-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.024"},{"key":"bibr57-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000688"},{"key":"bibr58-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31829ef65d"},{"key":"bibr59-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.028"},{"key":"bibr60-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318216f2e5"},{"key":"bibr61-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.242"},{"key":"bibr62-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-1099"},{"key":"bibr63-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03797.x"},{"key":"bibr64-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4474-5"},{"key":"bibr65-20587384211008709","first-page":"48","volume":"6","author":"Cond\u00f2 R","year":"2013","journal-title":"ORAL & implantology"},{"key":"bibr66-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181e6f2d0"},{"key":"bibr67-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00900.x"},{"key":"bibr68-20587384211008709","unstructured":"Korponay-Szabo I, Nemes E, Vecsei Z, et al. (2008) Rapid bedside detection of humoral IgA deficiency and celiac disease antibodies from capillary blood. In: 2008 World congress of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition,Chutes d\u2019Iguazu, Br\u00e9sil, 16\u201320, Bologna: Medimond Iternational Proceedings, https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jpgn\/Documents\/WorldCongress2008abstracts.pdf"},{"key":"bibr69-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02957.x"},{"key":"bibr70-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0219-5"},{"key":"bibr71-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000100027","volume":"56","author":"da Silva TSG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira"},{"key":"bibr72-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79"},{"key":"bibr73-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2016-0020"},{"key":"bibr74-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306578"},{"key":"bibr75-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-040210-092915"},{"key":"bibr76-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.10.004"},{"key":"bibr77-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2016.08.011"},{"key":"bibr78-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0732-5060"},{"key":"bibr79-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.480"},{"key":"bibr80-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.10.015"},{"key":"bibr81-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2011.03.003"},{"key":"bibr82-20587384211008709","first-page":"301","volume":"939","author":"Patey-Mariaud De","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annales de Pathologie"},{"key":"bibr83-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04938.x"},{"key":"bibr84-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000184"},{"key":"bibr85-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2008.02.002"},{"key":"bibr86-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.010"},{"key":"bibr87-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnd.2016.06.002"},{"key":"bibr88-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.02.019"},{"key":"bibr89-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.002"},{"key":"bibr90-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.87"},{"key":"bibr91-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303996"},{"key":"bibr92-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497"},{"key":"bibr93-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.276"},{"key":"bibr94-20587384211008709","first-page":"131","volume":"6","author":"Rahmati A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"bibr95-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182470249"},{"key":"bibr96-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.10.013"},{"key":"bibr97-20587384211008709","unstructured":"Tounian P, Sarrio F (2017) Prise en charge di\u00e9t\u00e9tique de certaines pathologies. In : Alimentation De L\u2019enfant De 0 \u00e0 3 Ans, 3rd edn. Paris, France: Elsevier Masson, pp.97\u2013116. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9782294748530\/alimentation-de-lenfant-de-0-a-3-ans"},{"key":"bibr98-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nupar.2011.06.006"},{"key":"bibr99-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2006.03.073"},{"key":"bibr100-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2012.07.010"},{"key":"bibr101-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2011.04.001"},{"key":"bibr102-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0515-3700(12)71224-7"},{"key":"bibr103-20587384211008709","first-page":"55","volume":"56","author":"Battu C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Actualit\u00e9s Pharmaceutiques"},{"key":"bibr104-20587384211008709","unstructured":"Weber AL (2012) La maladie c\u0153liaque: physiopathologie et traitement. \u201dGuide\u201d de conseils pour le pharmacien d\u2019officine. Universit\u00e9 de lorraine. Available at: https:\/\/hal.univ-lorraine.fr\/hal-01733878 (accessed 14 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr105-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.54"},{"key":"bibr106-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026651224985"},{"key":"bibr107-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12621"},{"key":"bibr108-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2011.03.009"},{"key":"bibr109-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0904"},{"key":"bibr110-20587384211008709","unstructured":"Ochubiojo EM, Rodrigues A (2012) Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry. InTech. https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/scientific-health-and-social-aspects-of-the-food-industry\/starch-from-food-to-medicine"},{"key":"bibr111-20587384211008709","first-page":"5","volume":"4028","author":"Le Jeunne C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revue Francophone des Laboratoires"},{"key":"bibr112-20587384211008709","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration (2017) Gluten in Drug Products and Associated Labeling Recommendations Guidance for Industry. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/ensuring-safe-use-medicine\/medications-and-gluten (accessed 12 December 2017)."},{"key":"bibr113-20587384211008709","unstructured":"Bousquet A (2015) La maladie c\u0153liaque, du diagnostic \u00e0 sa prise en charge: un nouvel espoir th\u00e9rapeutique? Universit\u00e9 Toulouse lll-Paul Sabatier. http:\/\/thesesante.ups-tlse.fr\/948\/1\/2015TOU32063.pdf"},{"key":"bibr114-20587384211008709","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp140153"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20587384211008709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20587384211008709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20587384211008709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:59:52Z","timestamp":1777456792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20587384211008709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20587384211008709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20587384211008709","relation":{},"ISSN":["0394-6320","2058-7384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0394-6320","type":"print"},{"value":"2058-7384","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"20587384211008709"}}