{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:37:46Z","timestamp":1777711066079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypercoagulability is a risk factor of thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies have been hypothesized to be involved. Typical COVID-19 dermatological manifestations of livedo reticularis and digital ischemia may resemble cutaneous manifestations of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between aPL antibodies and thromboembolic events, COVID-19 severity, mortality, and cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>aPL antibodies [anti-beta2-glycoprotein-1 (B2GP1) and anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies] were titered in frozen serum samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the patients\u2019 clinical records were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>173 patients were enrolled. aPL antibodies were detected in 34.7% of patients, anti-B2GP1 antibodies in 30.1%, and aCL antibodies in 10.4%. Double positivity was observed in 5.2% of patients. Thromboembolic events occurred in 9.8% of patients, including 11 pulmonary embolisms, 1 case of celiac tripod thrombosis, and six arterial ischemic events affecting the cerebral, celiac, splenic, or femoral-popliteal arteries or the aorta. aPL antibodies were found in 52.9% of patients with vascular events, but thromboembolic events were not correlated to aPL antibodies (adjusted OR = 1.69, p = 0.502). Ten patients (5.8%) had cutaneous signs of vasculopathy: nine livedo reticularis and one acrocyanosis. No significant association was observed between the presence of cutaneous vasculopathy and aPL antibodies ( p = 0.692).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-phospholipid antibodies cannot be considered responsible for hypercoagulability and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patients, livedo reticularis and acrocyanosis do not appear to be cutaneous manifestations of APS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20587384211042115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T05:41:59Z","timestamp":1632116519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A retrospective study on the prevalence of anti-phospholipid antibodies, thrombotic events and cutaneous signs of vasculopathy in 173 hospitalized COVID-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1049-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoIRCCS, Genoa, 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