{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:22:49Z","timestamp":1785550969720,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to assess and describe the severity of symptoms reported by Covid-19 positive patients who vaped (smoked e-cigarettes) when compared to those who did not vape or smoke at the time of the diagnosis of Covid-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between March 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase\u2013polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Among the 1734 eligible patients, 289 patients reported current vaping. The cohort of vapers (N\u2009=\u2009289) was age and gender matched to 1445 covid-19 positive patients who did not vape. The data analyzed included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, as well as lifestyle history such as vaping and smoking and reported covid-19 symptoms experienced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A logistic regression analysis was performed separately for each symptom using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with robust variance estimates in order to account for the 1:5 age, sex, and race matched set study design. Patients who vaped and developed Covid-19 infection were more likely to have chest pain or tightness (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.005), chills (25% vs 19%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.0016), myalgia (39% vs 32%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.004), headaches (49% vs 41% vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.026), anosmia\/dysgeusia (37% vs 30%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.009), nausea\/vomiting\/abdominal pain (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.003), diarrhea (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009=\u2009.004), and non-severe light-headedness (16% vs 9%, vapers vs non vapers, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vapers experience higher frequency of covid-19 related symptoms when compared with age and gender matched non-vapers.\u2009Further work should examine the impact vaping has on post-covid symptom experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319211062672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:46:14Z","timestamp":1641429974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Symptoms COVID 19 Positive Vapers Compared to COVID 19 Positive Non-vapers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"David D.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shari L.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 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